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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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matter
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anything that takes up space and mass
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atom
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smallest living unit of matter that has the characteristics of an element. consists of particles
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electrons
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form cloud around nucleus.
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atomic nucleus
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oppposite charges allow electrons and protons to get packed together to form a dense core at the bottom of the atom.
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atomic number
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it's a subscript 2 the left
number of protons same as atomic number |
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mass number
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protons+electrons in nucleus
superscript to the left neutrons can be figured out by subtracting atomic and mass #s its an estimate of the total mass of an atom |
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isotopes
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different atomic forms of an element
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compound
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the mixing of 2 or more elements at a fixed ratio
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molecule
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2 or more atoms held together by a covalent bond
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structural formula
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H--H line represents covalent bond.
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orbital
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space where electron is found 90% of the time
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electrons
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negative
form cloud around nucleus |
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covalent bond
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2 atoms share a pair of outer electrons (valence electrons).
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double covalent bond
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2 pairs of valence electrons
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nonpolar covalent bond
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electrons are shared equally betweeen elements that have atoms with an electronegativity less than 0.5
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polar covalent bond
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electrons arent shared equally since one atom is more electronegative than the others
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ion
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charged atom or molecule
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what is a postive ion called
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cation
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what is an anion
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a negative ion
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ionic bond
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opposites attract. cations and ions get together.
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hydrogen bonds
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usually occurs with possitive hydrogen that is attracted to an elecronegative atom i.e. oxygen
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element
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pith, essence elemental.
an element cant be broken down further |
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dissociation
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this is when 2 electronegative oxygens from the carboxyl group steal pull shared electrons from a hydrogen
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cohesion
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hydrogen bonds hold and unify a substance of like molecules
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adhesion
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1 substance clinging on to another
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surface tension
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it's a type of measurement as to how difficult it is to break or stretch the surface of a liquid.
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when does water freze?
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at sea lvl water freezes at 0 degrees celsius.
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specific heat
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how much heat has to be absorbed or lost for a substance to change its temp.
1cal/g/ |
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what is the term that defines the turning of a liquid into gas
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vaporization/evaporation
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solvent
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dissolving agent of a solution
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solute
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the substance that is dissolved
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hydrophilic
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lover of water!
anything that has an affinity with water |
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hydrogen ion
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single proton with a charge of +1
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hydroxide ion
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a water molecule that loses its proton is now a hydroxide ion (OH-)
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dissociation
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it's rare and irrervisble
formed by 2 electronegative oxygens of the carboxyl group pulling shared electron from hydrogen. |
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acid
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increases the amount of H+ in a solution
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bases
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decreases amt of hydrogen ion in solution
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pH scale
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pH declines as H+ increases.
pH is based on H+ but implies OH- concentration 7=nuetral 5+=basic |
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heat of vaporization
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the amount of heat a liquid has to absorb for 1 gram of it to turn into gas
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pH scale
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pH declines as H+ increases.
pH is based on H+ but implies OH- concentration 7=nuetral 5+=basic |
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heat of vaporization
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the amount of heat a liquid has to absorb for 1 gram of it to turn into gas
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pH scale
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pH declines as H+ increases.
pH is based on H+ but implies OH- concentration 7=nuetral 5+=basic |
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heat of vaporization
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the amount of heat a liquid has to absorb for 1 gram of it to turn into gas
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protons and nuetrons...where are they?
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their in the center of atom inside a nucleus
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whta do u call an atom that loses or gains an electron?
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ion
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nonpolar covalent bond.
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Two atoms of the same element have equal electronegativities; they share electrons equally, forming a___
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An atom is most stable when ...
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it has a full valence shell- this is done by transferring or sharing electrons
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