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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hypoglycemia may occur in diabetic patients as a result of:
Answer administration of hydrocholorthiazide (Esidrix) injection of glucagon ingestion of a high-fat high-carbohydrate meal ingestion of ethyl alcohol administration of albuterol (Proventil) |
ingestion of ethyl alcohol
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Insulin hypoglycemia produces:
Answer sweating cardiac palpitation (extrasystoles or tachycardia) confusion and disorientation hunger, nausea all of the above |
all of the above
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The time course of plasma glucose lowering effect is essentially the same for
Answer regular insulin and NPH insulin regular insulin and NPH insulin regular insulin and insulin glargine insulin lispro and regular insulin insulin detemir and insulin glargine |
insulin detemir and insulin glargine
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Indicated for parenteral use in severe diabetic ketoacidosis
Answer insulin glargine regular insulin isophane insulin NPH insulin mixed NPH and regular insulin |
regular insulin
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Which of the following statement is correct concerning the release of insulin
Answer the GLUT 2 transporter is inhibited by the circulating insulin in the plasma increasing ATP concentration in the cell will open potassium channels hypokalemia decreases the release of insulin increasing calcium influx into the beta cells will decrease insulin release alpha and beta receptors have no effect on insulin release |
hypokalemia decreases the release of insulin
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Select the INCORRECT statement.
Answer insulin promotes the synthesis and storage of glycogen insulin decreases gluconeogenesis and glucogenolysis insulin increases the uptake of glucose into muscle and adipose tissue working muscle cells can take up glucose without insulin insulin decreases the uptake of potassium into the cells |
insulin decreases the uptake of potassium into the cells
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Select the correct statement about drug effects:
Answer beta blockers will hasten recovery from hypoglycemia glucocorticoids decrease the blood glucose level thiazide diuretics are sulfonamides and they mobilize insulin from the beta cells increased growth hormone production (e.g. acromegaly) increases insulin requirement beta blockers will prevent sweating in hypoglycemia |
increased growth hormone production (e.g. acromegaly) increases insulin requirement
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Hypoglycemia may occur with therapeutic doses of
Answer diazoxide (Progylcem) glyburide (Micronase) metformin (Glucophage) rosiglitazone (Avandia) acarbose (Precose) |
glyburide (Micronase)
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Has the quickest onset and shortest duration of hypoglycemic action:
Answer insulin aspart NPH insulin regular insulin insulin glargine insulin detemir |
insulin aspart
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Effective in producing hypoglycemia in any diabetic
Answer insulin tolbutamide (Orinase) both neither |
insulin
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Second generation sulfonylurea drug with long lasting action
Answer metformin (Glucophage) chlorpropamide (Diabinese) glyburide (Micronase) repaglinide (Prandin) rosiglitazone (Avandia) |
glyburide (Micronase)
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63-year-old male patient with stage III CHF is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which of the following drug should be avoided in the treatment of this patient?
Answer glyburide (Micronase) metformin (Glucophage) NPH insulin repaglinide (Prandin) tolbutamide (Orinase) |
metformin (Glucophage)
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Oxytocin (Pitocin) overdose may be associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer uterine rupture hypertensive crisis water intoxication fetal asphyxia tetanic uterine contractions |
hypertensive crisis
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Both ergonovine (Ergotrate) and oxytocin (Pitocin)
Answer used to induce labor used only by IV infusion effectively control postpartum hemorrhage stimulate milk "let down" cause systemic vasoconstriction |
effectively control postpartum hemorrhage
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The use of oxytocin (Syntocinon) is indicated:
Answer to delay labor prior to cervical dilation to inhibit uterine contractions to prevent inevitable abortion to reduce postpartum hemorrhage to increase blood pressure during labor |
to reduce postpartum hemorrhage
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Select the INCORRECT statement concerning the drugs used to modify uterine functions:
Answer oxytocin (Syntocinon) can be used for the induction of labor at term ergonovine (Ergotrate) produces strong uterine contraction that may last for several hours most often occurring adverse effect with carboprost (Prostin) is vomiting and diarrhea dinoprostone (Prostin E2) often causes hypertension calcium channel blockers (e.g. nifedipine (Procardia)) are second line treatments to prevent premature labor |
dinoprostone (Prostin E2) often causes hypertension
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A 61-year-old woman complains about weakness, fatigue, lethargy and inability to carry out normal daily work at home. Upon inspection, dry and cold skin is conspicous. Serum TSH is high, and free T4 concentration is very low. Which is the proper therapy for this patient?
Answer iodide supplementation tamoxifen (Novaldex) levothyroxine (Synthroid) propylthiouracil (PTU) propranolol (Inderal) |
levothyroxine (Synthroid)
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Which of the following potential side effects of methimazole (Tapazole) may be indicated by a sore throat?
Answer agranulocytosis pruritic rash in pregnant patients, fetal goiter pain and stiffness in joints all of the above |
agranulocytosis
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A 33-year-old woman who is four months pregnant comes to your office for a checkup. She is being treated for asthma with an inhaled corticosteriod (Flovent). Her heart rate is 120, and her blood pressure is 160/80 mm Hg. She complains that she has been hot and sweaty. She hasn't gained any weight since you last saw her one month ago, although she says she is always hungry and eating well. Serum TSH is low, and free T4 is high. What is the most appropriate treatment for hyperthyroidism in this patient?
Answer Methylprednisolone (Medrol) Methimozole (Tapazole) Propranolol (Inderal) Propylthiouracil (PTU) radioactive iodine |
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
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Used to decrease the vascularity of the thyroid gland prior to surgical thyroidectomy:
Answer propranolol (Inderal) iodide (Thyro-Block) multiple doses of 131I propylthiouracil (PTU) methimazole (Tapazole) |
iodide (Thyro-Block)
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A 34-year-old post-menopausal woman has been diagnosed with estrogen receptor positive ductal breast cancer. Which of the following agents blocks the estrogen receptor in the breast?
Answer ethinyl estradiol (Feminone) flutamide (Eulexin) clomiphene (Clomid) tamoxifen (Novaldex) danazol (Danocrine) |
tamoxifen (Novaldex)
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A 57-year-old male patient complains about urinary retention; his physician diagnoses benign prostate hyperplasia. He also has male pattern baldness. What agent may improve both conditions?
Answer prednisone (Deltasone) testosterone (Testoderm) finasteride (Proscar) danazol (Danocrine) tamoxifen (Novaldex) |
finasteride (Proscar)
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An antagonist of the androgen receptor used in conjunction with other drugs to treat prostate cancer:
Answer finasteride (Proscar) flutamide (Eulexin) tamoxifen (Novaldex) leuprolide (Lupron) methylprednisolone (Medrol) |
flutamide (Eulexin)
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Long-term use of combination oral contraceptives:
Answer Decreases the need for hormone replacement therapy Decreases the likelihood of thromboembolisms in women who smoke Decreases the incidence of ovarian cancer Decreases the risk of breast cancer 5-fold Decreases the likelihood of developing gallbladder problems and hypertens |
Decreases the incidence of ovarian cancer
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Estrogen will decrease the effectiveness of:
Answer Fludrocortisone (Fluorinef) Many antibiotics Warfarin (Coumadin) Cimetidine (Tagamet) Alendronate (Fosamax) |
Warfarin (Coumadin)
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Which statement regarding alendronate (Fosamax) is CORRECT?
Answer It is a partial agonist on estrogen receptors It inhibits resorption of bone It may cause osteoporosis if used longer than six months It inhibits the release of FSH and LH It is useful for treatment of hot flashes |
It inhibits resorption of bone
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Which of the following induces ovulation by acting as a partial agonist at estrogen receptors?
Answer Finasteride (Proscar) Clomiphene (Clomid) Long-acting gonadotropin releasing hormone (Leuprolide; Lupron) Luteinizing hormone analogues (Human chorionic gonadotropin; Pregnyl) Danazol (Danocrine) |
Clomiphene (Clomid)
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Which of the following drugs is the most appropriate for the treatment of endometriosis?
Answer Oral contraceptive with high estrogen content Oral contraceptive with low androgenic activity Danazol (Danocrine) Tamoxifen (Novaldex) Finasteride (Proscar) |
Danazol (Danocrine)
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Which of the following statements regarding administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues is CORRECT?
Answer Continuous administration may cause osteoporosis if continued longer than six months Pulsatile use will decrease the release of FSH and LH Continuous administration will stimulate testosterone synthesis Administration of long-acting analogues will enhance spermatogenesis in men Administration of long-acting analogues often cause ovarian hyperstimulation |
Continuous administration may cause osteoporosis if continued longer than six months
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Which of the following is a mineralcorticoid with high salt-retaining potency?
Answer Cortisol (Cortef) Fludrocortisone (Fluorinef) Methyolprednisolone (Medrol) Triamcinolone (Kenalog) Spironolactone (Aldactone) |
Fludrocortisone (Fluorinef)
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Which of the following has the lowest mineralcorticoid and highest anti-inflammatory activity?
Answer Cortisol (Cortef) Fludrocortisone (Florinef) Methylprednisolone (Medrol) Dexamethasone (Decadron) Propylthiouracil (PTU) |
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
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A patient has rounded plethoric face, trunk obesity, wasting of muscle in arms and legs, impaired wound healing, hypertension and hyperglycemia. Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause these problems when used chronically?
Answer Spironolactone (Aldactone) Clomiphene (Clomid) Aminogluthemide (Cytadren) Prednisone (Deltasone) Propylthiouracil (PTU) |
dPrednisone (Deltasone)
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Methyltestosterone (Android)
Answer decreases spermatogenesis with long-term use decreases masculinization in women decreases amino acid incorporation into muscle decreases the incidence of acne increases HDL |
ecreases spermatogenesis with long-term use
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Which of the following statements regarding use of LH and FSH analogues is CORRECT?
Answer FSH is used to increase production of testosterone in men Combinations of LH and FSH are less likely to cause multiple births than other methods for treating infertility Combination treatment is used in women who do not have functional ovaries FSH is used to cause follicle development, then LH is given to induce ovulation LH is used to cause follicle development, then FSH is given to induce ovulation |
FSH is used to cause follicle development, then LH is given to induce ovulation
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A 44-year-old man with Addison's disease is about to undergo surgery. What statement about the treatment of this man is CORRECT?
Answer Cortisone (Cortef) treatment should be discontinued prior to surgery Aminoglutethimide (Cytadren) should be used to destroy the adrenal cortex Methyltestosterone (Android) should be added to prevent blood clotting Fludrocortisone (Florinef) should not be used because it will cause edema Cortisone (Cortef) doses should be substantially increased prior to and after surgery |
Cortisone (Cortef) doses should be substantially increased prior to and after surger
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Which of the following statements regarding aminoglutethimide (Cytadren) is CORRECT?
Answer It blocks progesterone and corticosteroid receptors It is used to treat Cushing's disease It is used to treat Addison's disease Long-term treatment can result in truncal obesity, fat, round face, hypertension, muscle weakness and osteopososis Long-term use will increase the risk of breast and uterine cancer due to stimulation of estrogen receptors |
It is used to treat Cushing's disease
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Which statement about glucocorticoids is INCORRECT?
Answer Long-term use may increase the incidence of cataracts and osteoporosis They are used to decrease inflammation caused by pneumonia in patients with AIDS Lympholytic effects make them useful in treatment of leukemia and lymphomas Restlessness, insomnia, and fluid retention may occur even with short-term use Long-term use is likely to cause hypoglycemia |
Long-term use is likely to cause hypoglycemia
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Which of the following is most likely to cause constipation?
Answer Calcium Carbonate (Tums) Magnesium hydoxide/Aluminum hydroxide (Maalox) Sodium Bicarbonate (Alka Seltzer) Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) Aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel) |
Aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)
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A 65-year-old man is diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer. He is currently on warfarin therapy. Which OTC drug would e most appropriate to treat this patient's ulcer?
Answer Cimetidine (Tagamet) Ranitidine (Zantac) Lansoprazole (Prevacid) Esomeprazole (Nexium) Metoclopramide (Reglan) |
Ranitidine (Zantac)
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What is the primary mechanism of action for Lansoprazole (Prevacid)?
Answer Irreversibly inhibits the K+/H+ proton pump Accelerates gastric emptying Inhibits the histamine H2 receptor Inhibits the dopamine D2 receptor Activates the dopamine D2 receptor |
Irreversibly inhibits the K+/H+ proton pump
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What is the correct mechanism and side effect for metoclopramide (Reglan)?
Answer Inhibits histamine H2 receptor - antiandrogenic effect Activates histamine H2 receptor - hypersensitivity reaction Activates dopamine D2 receptor - nausea and vomiting Inhibits dopamine D2 receptor - exacerbates Parkinson's disease Activates muscarinic acetylcholine receptor - lowered heart rate and blood pressure |
Inhibits dopamine D2 receptor - exacerbates Parkinson's disease
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Which of the following laxatives acts by increasing the bulk of feces?
Answer Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) Sodium phosphate and biphosphate (Fleet) Psyllium (Metamucil) Polyethylene glycol (Colyte) Mineral Oil |
Psyllium (Metamucil)
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Which of the following drugs is absolutely contraindicated for use in a four-year-old girl with diarrhea and a fever?
Answer Loperamide (Imodium) Diphenoxylate plus atropine (Lomotil) Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismoml) Esomeprazole (Nexium) Hydrated aluminum silicate (Kaopectate) |
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismoml)
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A 58-year-old man with a history of drug abuse is diagnosed with testicular cancer. He is treated with a combination of anticancer drugs that result in severe diarrhea. Which drug is the best choice to treat this patients diarrhea?
Answer Loperamide (Imodium) Diphenoxylate plus atropine (Lomotil) Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Propantheline (Pro-Banthine) Hydrated aluminum silicate (Kaopectate) |
Loperamide (Imodium)
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A 72-year-old woman presents complaining of stomach cramps, abdominal pain, and bloating. She has not had a bowel movement in 48 hours. She has a history of renal disease. Which of the following is the best recommendation for this patient?
Answer Senna (Senokot) Psyllium (Metamucil) Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) Sodium phosphate and biphosphate (Fleet) None of the above |
Senna (Senokot)
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Inhaled muscarinic antagonist:
Answer Albuterol (Ventolin) Ipratopium (Atrovent) Theophylline (Theo-Dur) Beclomethasone (Beclovent) Montelukast (Singulair) |
Ipratopium (Atrovent)
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May decrease the need for inhaled steroids by blocking leukotriene receptors:
Answer Albuterol (Ventolin) Ipratopium (Atrovent) Theophylline (Theo-Dur) Beclomethasone (Beclovent) Montelukast (Singulair) |
Montelukast (Singulair)
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A 63-year-old male patient with severe COPD is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which of the following drugs should be AVOIDED in the treatment of this patient?
Answer glyburide (Micronase) miglitol (Glyset) NPH insulin repaglinide (Prandin) metformin (Glucophage) |
metformin (Glucophage)
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Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of asthma is correct?
Answer If the patient doesn't wheeze, he doesn't have asthma Inhaled corticosteroids should be used when long-acting beta2 agonists are used Inhaled corticosteroids should be avoided due to serious side effects Treatment with leukotriene receptor antagonists may lead to serious osteoporosis If a patient is treated with a long-acting beta2 agonist, there is no need for a short-acting beta2 agonist |
Inhaled corticosteroids should be used when long-acting beta2 agonists are used
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