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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The balancing of the Autonomic nervous system is created between the ? and ? nervous system.
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sympathetic,
parasympathetic |
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The Autonomic nervous system is controlled by ? receptors. Chemoreceptors in the ? arch and carotid ?(blood going out) are senstive to ? and controlled by the ? nervous system, these receptors send signals along the vagus nerves to ? which ?s BP. Baroreceptors in the ? arch and carotid ?'s respond to ? BP by inhibiting the ? center of the brain, the response is to ? BP, this is a ? response. Stretch receptors in the ? cava and right ?(blood coming back to the heart) sense ? volume, this leads to a reaction from the ? nervous system to increase ? and constrict ? blood vessels.
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sensory,
aortic, bodies, hypoxemia, SNS, vasoconstrict, increase, aortic, sinuses, increased, vasomotor, decrease, vena, atrium, decreased, SNS, HR, peripheral |
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The sympathetic system has a normal B₁ response of ? HR, ? AV conduction, ? contractility and an alpha response of ? Beta-Blockers induce a ? response which leads to ? HR, ? Contractility, ? Conductivity.
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increased, increased, increased,
vasoconstriction, Parasympathetic, ↓, ↓, ↓, |
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The parasympathetic nervous system ?'s HR, ?'s contractility, ?'s conductivity.
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decreases,
decreases, decreases |
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The renal system retains ? and ? when renal blood flow or pressure decreases. This will trigger a reaction of the ?-?-? mechanism.
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sodium, water,
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone |
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Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System: Decreased renal artery vascular tone/volume stimulates ? release which leads to ? release, ? 1 is converted into ? 2 by the ? and this conversion causes ? and release of ? from the Adrenal glands which all leads to increased ? pressure.
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Renin, angiotensin
angiotensin 1, angiotensin 2, angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) vasoconstriction, Aldosterone, blood |
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Renin angiotensin system continued: An increase in aldosterone leads to retention of ? and ? which also increases BP
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sodium & water,
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Other influencing factors on the renal system: ? hormone causes kidneys to reabsorb H2O. ? peptides caused diuresis and renal vasodilation. Emotions stimulate the ? nervous system which ? B/P and HR. Increased activity ?'s B/P and HR. Increased or decreased body ? can have an influence on the kidneys.
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Antidiuretic,
Natriuretic, sympathetic, increase, increase, Temperature |
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Age associated heart changes, valves can become ? The SA node can become fybrotic which can increase ? time
LV hypertrophy decreases ? time. Large stiff arteries increase systemic ? resistance. The Baroreceptors become less ? (Brown Harry Smegma Smells Vial) |
Brown-Baroreceptors have ↓ sensitivity,
Harry- LVH causes ↓ filling time, Smegma-SVR↑'s due to stiff large areteries, Smells-SA becomes fibrotic ↑ conduction time or it fails, Vial-Valves Calcify |
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Which of the following statements about Coronary arteries is correct?
1. The three main arteries are the LAD, RCA, and circumflex. 2. In most people, the left coronary aretery supplies the right atrium and the SA node. 3. Blood flow occurs primarily during systole. 4. Blood flows to the coronary arteries from the carotid arteries. |
1. LAD, RCA, Circumflex
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Cardiac output is the amount of blood.....
1. ejected in one heart beat. 2. ejected in one beat expressed in a percentage. 3. pumped from the ventricle in one minute. 4. pumped in one min adjusted for body size. |
3. pumped from the ventricle in one minute
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The pressure the ventricle must overcome to eject blood is.
1. preload 2. afterload 3. contractility 4. blood pressure |
2. afterload
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Which of the following is not a B₁ response ?
1. increased HR 2. stronger contractililty 3. faster conduction 4. vasoconstriction |
4. vasoconstriction
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Name some cardiovascular disease risk factors that are modifiable. high ?, High ?, untreated ?, elevated hs-? and ? (c-u-b-e-d)
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↑cholesterol,
Untreated Hypothyroidism, ↑ BP, Elevated hs-CRP, Diabetes Mellitus |
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Elevated hs-? levels increase due to inflammation in the body.
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hs-CRP
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Name some modifiable cadiovascular disease risk factors. #1= ? use, ?, ? inactivity, ?, ? factors, excessive ?
(TDPOPE) |
Tobacco, Diet
Physical, Obesity, Psychological, ETOH |
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list the 4 behaviors and 4 factors that simultaneously are idea for cardiovascular health, plus the abscence of ?
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4- behaviors 4 factors
-abstinence from smoking - abstinence from smoking -Ideal BMI - Cholesterol < 200, -phys activity at goal -un-tx BP of <120/<80 -healthy diet -abscence of Diabetes Cardiovasculare Disease |
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Non-modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors are ?,?,?,? (r-a-s-h)
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Race,
age, sex, heredity |
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Name some symptoms that are identified with Cardiovascular disease?
(Chris, Dave, & Fatty Paint Walls Smoothly) |
Chest pain/discomfort,
Dyspnea, Fatigue, Palpatations, Weight gain, Syncope |
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What do you need to know when a patient tells you that he is having chest pain? POLDCARTS
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Precipitating factors, Onset, Location, Duration,
Character, Aggravating/Associated symptoms, Radiation, Timing/frequency, Severity Scale 1-10 |
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Dyspnea can occur with cardiac and pulmonary disease. Objective signs that we can see are ? or ? breathing known as ?. Subjective S/S ? breathing or ? of breath.
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Difficult, labored, Dyspnea
uncomfortable, shortness |
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There are 3 types of Dyspnea ?, ?, Paroxysmal ? dyspnea. When a pt has the second type of breathing problem, we can ask them how many ?s do they use when they sleep or do they sleep ? up.
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DOE(dyspnea on exertion)
Orthopnea(dyspnea when laying down) nocturnal, pillows, sitting |
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What physical assessment can be made on a patient that is dyspneic: Check general ? and ?, look at the sclera to see if there is yellowing called ? or to see if there is corneal ? With the skin we should look for ? and ? With the nails we should look for ? and ?
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appearance, mentation,
xanthelasma, arcus, cyanosis, edema, cyanosis, clubbing |
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orthopnea is a relatively specific symptom of ?
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Heart Failure
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