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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of response do Physical Agent modalities produce?
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a biophysiological response
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What can the biophysiological response be provided by?
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light, water, temperature, electricity, and mechanical devices
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What are the 4 different types of agents
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superficial thermal agent, deep thermal agent, electrotheraputic agents, and mechanical devices
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What do superficial thermal agents include?
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hydrotherapy/whirlpool, cryotherapy (cold packs, ice), Fluidotherapy, hot packs, paraffin, water, infrared, and other commercially available superficial heating and cooling technologies
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What do deep thermal agents include?
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therapeutic ultrasound, phonophoresis, and other commercially availiable technologies.
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What do electro theraputic agents include, but not limited to
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biofeedback, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, functional electrical stimulation, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, electrical stimulation for tissue repair, high-voltage galvanic stimulation, and iontophoresis and other commercially available technologies.
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what do mechanical devices include, but are not limited to?
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vasopneumatic devices and CPM (continuous passive motion)
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When did OT's become able to use PAM's?
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1998
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What are the rules and policy of the AOTA concerning PAM"s
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1. The AOTA recognizes that a registered OT and a Certified OTA are qualified and competent in the use of a variety of modalities.
2. When modalities are selected, they shall be used only in preparation for, or as an adjunct to purposeful activity to enhance occupation performance. 3. OTR's, COTA's, and students shall only use modalities when the individual has received the theoretical and technical preparation necessary for safe and appropriate integration of the intervention into an OT treatment program 4. Qkualifications and competencies with regard to modality use may be obtained through accredited educational programs, specific certification programs, continuing education, inservice education or higher education. 5. when using modalities, the OTR and COTA shall: 1. document or demonstrate specific qualifications and competencies related to modalities on requst, 2. comply with federal and state laws. 3. compy with the AOTA principles of ethics, the AOTA Philosophical base, the AOTA standards of Pratice and the AOTA statement on PAM's |
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When using modalities according to the policy of the AOTA what must OTR and COTA shall do
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1. document or demonstrate specific qualifications and competencies related to modalities on request
2. comply with federal and state laws 3. comply with the AOTA principles of ethics, the AOTA Philosophical base, the AOTA Standards of Practice and the AOTA statement of PAM's |
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What is the definition of PAM's used in occupational therapy?
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the use of properties of light, water, temperature, sound, or electricity.
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PAM's include but are not limited to
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paraffin baths, hot packs, cold packs, fluidotherapy, contrast baths, ultasound, whirlpool, and electrical stimulation devices.
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How does heat and cold effect Blood flow/Pulse?
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Heat makes blood flow/pulse go up
Cold makes blood flow/pulse go down |
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How does heat and cold effect Blood Pressure?
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Heat makes blood pressure go down
Cold makes blood pressure go up |
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How does heat and cold effect Tissue temperature?
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Heat makes tissue temperature go up
Cold makes tissue temperature go down |
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How does the heat and cold effect tissue extensibility?
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Heat effects tissue extensibility by making it go up (more pliable)
Cold effects tissue extensibility by making it go down |
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How does the heat and cold effect joing stiffness?
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Heat makes Joint stiffness go down
Cold makes joing stiffness increase |
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How does the heat and cold effect muscle strength?
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The heat makes muscle strength increase
The cold makes muscle strength decrease. |
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How does the heat and cold effect muscle spasm?
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Heat makes muscle spasms decrease
Cold makes muscle spasms decrease |
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How does the heat and cold effect nerve conduction velocity?
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Heat makes nerve conduction velocity, nerve impulses, increase
Cold makes nerve conduction velocity, nerve impulses, decrease |
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How does heat and cold effect pain
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Heat makes pain decrease
Cold makes pain decrease |
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How does heat and cold effect edema (swelling)
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Heat makes swelling decrease (residual edema)
Cold makes swelling decrease (accute edema) |
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How does heat and cold effect respiration?
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Heat makes respiration increase (shallow respiration)
Cold makes respiration decrease (deep respiration) |
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How does heat and cold effect Vaso-response?
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Heat makes vasodialation
Cold makes vasorestriction |
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What are the 3 types of heat
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1. Conduction
2. Convection 3. Conversion |
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What type of heat is from thermal exchange? Such as hot packs and pariffiin?
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Conduction
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What type of heat is from surface and medium movement viscosity? Such as whirlpool and fluidotherapy
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Convection
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What type of heat is converted to heat? such as an ultrasound
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Conversion
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What are the effects of hot packs?
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pain relief, increased blood flow, increased tissue extensibility, decreased joint stiffness.
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What are the contraindictions of the hot pack? When should people not use them?
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On anesthetic parts (no sensation)
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What are the precautions when using hot packs?
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positioning following tendon repair
elevation with edema (make sure above heart level) overheating or burning areas with decreased sensation |
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What are application temperatures for hot packs?
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160 to 175 degrees (raises skin temp to about 120 degrees. becomes a thermal exchange.
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What are the effects or Paraffin?
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pain relief, increased blood flow, increased tissue extensibility, decreased joint stiffness and CIRCUMFERENTIAL HEAT AROUND THE ENTIRE HAND.
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What are the contradictions using Paraffin?
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open wounds, skin irritations, anesthetic parts
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What are the precautions of Paraffin
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to protect insensitive areas (padding, etc)
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What is the application temperature for Paraffin?
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125-135. most prefer it around 120
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What are the effects of the whirlpool?
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pain relief, increased blood flow, increased tissue extensibility, decreased joint stiffness, circumferential heat, and WOUND CLEANING
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What are the contraindications of the whirlpool?
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severe edema (can't get part above heart level)
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What are precautions when using the whirlpool?
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temperature should not exceed 104
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What is the application temperature?
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102-104
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What are the effects of Fluidotherapy?
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pain relief, increased blood flow, increased tissue extensibility, decreased joint stiffness, circumferential heat, wound cleansing, and DESENSITIVATION GOOD FOR HYPERSENSITIVITY. USED A LOT WITH SCAR PATIENTS.
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What are contraindications of Fluidotherapy?
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anesthetic parts
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What are precautions of Fluidotherapy?
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wrap open wounds (good for wound cleansing but don't expose unwrapped)
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What is the application temperature for Fluidotherapy?
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115-120
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What are the effects of the Ultrasound?
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pain relief, increased blood flow, increased tissue extensibility, decreased joint stiffness, wound cleansing, desensitivation good for hypersensitivity, AND DEEPER HEAT PENETRATION CAUSING MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY CHANGES, GASEOUS CAVILATION (OPEN CAVITIES PUSHES GAS INTO)
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What are the contraindications for the ultrasound?
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over growth centers of bone (such as a small child with bones still growing), areas of malignancy over fluid filled cavities (such as pregnant uterus)
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What are precautions for the ultrasound?
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not to be used before 8 weeks after tendon repair or 12 weeks after a tendon graph or anesthetic parts.
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What is the application temperature?
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none
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