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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Endocrine System
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Complex network of glands and organs that produce, store and secrete various hormones. Hormones act as messengers to coordinate many functions within the body including mood, growth and development, tissue function and metabolism class.
The endocrine system is one of the body’s main systems for communicating, controlling, and coordinating the body’s work. |
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Name all Endocrine Glands
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Hypothalamus
Pituatary-anterior/posterior Adrenal Thyroid Parathyroid Pancreas Gonads Thymus Pineal |
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Hypothalmus
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Shares circulatory system with the anterior pituitary gland, so hormones can travel directly into the anterior pituitary.
Primary link between the endocrine and CNS. Nerve cells in the hypothalmus control the pituitary gland by [producing chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretion from the pituitary. |
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Pituitary Gland
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2 lobes
Most important part of the endocrine system. Makes hormones that control other endocrine glands. Secretion nfluenced by factors such as emotions, and seasonal changes. Hypothalmus relays information sensed by the brain ( environmental temp, light exposure, feelings) to the pituitary gland. |
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Anterior Pituitary Hormones / Function
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Secreted via releasing factors from hypothalmus.
Affects thyroid, adrenals and reproductive organs FSH- Follicle stimulating hormone LH- luteinizing hormone ACTH- TSH- thyroid stimulating hormone Growth- stimulate growth of bone and other body tissues and plays a role in how the body handles nutrients. Prolactin- Stimulates milk production. |
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Posteror Pituitary Hormones / Functions
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Made of nerve tissue. Primary function is to store and release antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin. ADH- also called vasopressin decreases urine production by causing the renal tubules to reabsorb water and return it to the circulation. Oxytocin- stimulates contraction of smooth muscles in the reproductive organs, and causes milk ejection from the breast.
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3 Types of Pituitary Tumors
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Eosiniphilic - Gigantism and Acromegaly
Basophilic - Cushing's syndrome Chromophobic -hypopituitarism |
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Gigantism
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Occurs with overstimulation of growth hormone PRIOR to onset of puberty when the epithelial plates have not closed.
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Acromegaly
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Occurs usually in adulthood. As a result of constant simulation of the bone and connective tissue continue to grow. Forehead enlarges, maxilla lengthens, tongue enlarges, voice deepen. The feet and hands continue to grow requiring enlarging rings etc. Treated by surgical removal of tumor.
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Diagnosis of pituitary tumors
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CT/MRI.
Target organ symptoms |
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Treatment of Pituitary Symptoms
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Surgical removal.
Radiation therapy. GH inhibition |
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Diabetes Insipidus
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Posterior pituitary disorder.
Either neurogenic or nephrogenic. Neurogenic: can either result from a disruption of the hypothalmus and pituitary gland( like trauma, irradiation, surgery) or be idiopathic. Nephrogenic-is a disorder in which the renal tubules are not sensitive to ADH. May be familial or the result of ARF. If the result of an injury symptoms usually occur 3-6 days after injury and last 7-10 days. If IICP is relieved symptoms usually disappear. |
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Diabetes Insipidus - diagnosis
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Fluid deprivation test and/or ADH levels..
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ADH Deficiency signs/symptoms
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A deficit of ADH causes the client to lose massive amounts of diluted urine in some cases as much as 12L/day.
S/S: Thirst and polyuria |
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Diabetes Insipidus - treatment
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Desmopressin, DDAVP
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SIADH
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SIADH- Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion.
Excessive ADH secretion. Caused by malignant tumors ( oat cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, leukemia, Hodgkins disease) |
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SIADH signs/symptoms
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Symptoms occur as result of water retention and hyponatremia. Brain cells swell, causing neurological symptoms like HA, changes in mental status or personality, lethargy, irritability, weight gain, with no edema.
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SIADH treatment
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Treat underlying cause.
Lasix. Fluids. |
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Thyroid Gland
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Highly vascular.
Controls metabolic function. 3 hormones - T4, T3, Calcitonin. H changes primarily affect the CV function, GI function, neuromuscular function and metabolism. |
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Excretion of thyroid hormones
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Stimulated by TSH.
Dependent on good Iodine supply |
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Thyroid Hormone functions
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Cellular metabolism.
Energy production. Fluid/Electrolyte function. Normal growth. Influences every organ. |
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Calcitonin
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Decreases excessive levels of calcium in the blood by slowing calcium releasing activity of bone cells.
Serves as mediator of inflammatory response. Serves as a marker for sepsis. |
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Hyperthyroidism Overview
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Excessive release of TH
Affects all major organ systems Most common cause is Graves disease. 5x more in women. Autoimmune disorder. |
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Goiter
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Enlarged thyroid
Increased metabolic rate Overactive thyroid gland. Iodide deficiency. May be present in either hyper or hypo thyroidism. Can develop from excess TSH stimulation, abnormal growth stimulating immunoglobulins, or substances that inhibit TH synthesis |
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Hyperthyroidism Diagnosis
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Serum TSH, T3, T4
Thyroid antibodies Radioactive antibodies Radioactive iodine uptake |
