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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Calcium Normal values
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4.5 – 5.5 mEq/L
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Calcium Normal Function
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Major cation in teeth and bones (99%)
Found equally in ICF and ECF (1%) Helps cells to adhere to one another & maintain their shape Helps muscles contract Aids in coagulation Affects cell membrane permeability & firing level |
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Hypercalcemia causes
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Increased absorption from GI
Decrease excretion by kidneys Hyperthyroidism Multiple fractures Hypophosphatemia & acidosis Cancer Medications |
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Hypocalcemia Causes
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Ca intake
Excessive Ca loss Ca absorption Alcoholics exposure to sunlight Renal failure Phosphorus levels Pancreatic insufficiency Medications |
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Clinical Manifestations of Hypocalcemia
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Easy fatigability
Depression, anxiety, confusion Numbness & tingling in extremities in extremities & around mouth Hyperreflexia, muscle cramps Trousseau’s/Chvostek’s Laryngeal spasm Tetany, seizures Impairs clot time (easier to bleed) On ECG ST segment decreases & QT shortened |
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Clinical Manifestations of Hypercalcemia
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Lethargy, weakness
Depressed reflexes Decreased memory Confusion, personality changes, psychosis Anorexia, nausea & vomiting Bone pain, fractures Polyuria, dehydration Nephrolithiasis Stupor, coma |
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Positive Chvostek sign
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Blinking when you touch cheek
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Positive Trousseau's Sign
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BP cuff. internal roation of arm
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Treat Hypercalcemia
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Expand fluid volume to increase renal clearance
Mild (11-14) 0.9 NaCl promotes calcium loss Loop diuretic to prevent fluid overload Sever (>14) Same as above add calcitonin 4 units/kg, sc |
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Treat Hypocalcemia
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Oral supplements
IV Calcium diluted in D5W Correct underlying cause Monitor for digitalis toxicity |
