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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A break or tear in the amniotic sac before onset of regular contractions is a ? rupture of membranes. If this occurs want to deliver the baby in less than ? hrs.
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Premature,
24hrs |
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If there is premature rupture of membrane there is a chance of ? fever, fetal ?, uterine ?, and ? smelling amniotic fluid. There is also an increased risk for ? and perinatal ?
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maternal,
tachycardia, tenderness, foul, sepsis, mortality |
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The cause of PROM is usually ? because it can be caused by many things. It can be Dx'd by testing the fluid from the posterior fornix which will turn nitrazine paper blue if it is positive which means it is ? as far as acid/base or a sample can be looked at under the microscope to assess for a ? pattern.
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positive, alkaline,
ferning |
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The alakaline pH test is a ? test and the ferning test under a microscope is a ? test..
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screening,
diagnostic |
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PROM Tx depends on fetal gestation and infection status:
If the fetus is term then ? induction can be performed if it is not spontaneous, if induction fails then ? will be performed. |
labor,
C/S |
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If PROM occurs and the fetus is preterm < 34 wks then ? will be ordered while awaiting fetal maturation, the pt will be observed for S/S of ? which includes increased ? caused by increased ?
For the fetus we will monitor for ? a sign of distress. If their is S/S of infection ?s' will be administered, then for lung development we will administered and ? will be induced or ? will be performed. |
hospitalization,
infection, temp, leukocytes tachycardia, antibiotics, steroids, labor, C/S |
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Ultrasound can be performed in two ways for OB exams ? and ? which is used to determine early pregnancies.
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abdominal,
transvaginal |
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Ulrasound is used to confirm pregnancy, R/O ectopic, see multiples, measure gestational age and assist with CVS in the ? trimester.
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1st
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Viability is confirmed, evaluation of fetal anatomy, gestational age, multiples are seen, biophysical profile, R/O previa, presentation of fetus, and to perform amniocentesis are performed using US in the ? and ? trimesters.
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2nd and 3rd
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Disadvantage of US are that it is ? and it is likely to require a full ? for good visualization which can be uncomfortable to the pt.
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costly,
bladder |
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Prenatal US cannot Dx all ?'s never interpret a normal scan as a ? that the baby will be completely normal.
? may not be ovious at the time of an eary scan. Position of the baby in the uterus influences ? Images tend to be strikingly clear in ? women with lots of amniotic fluid, and fuzzy in ? women, with ? |
malformations,
gaurantee, Hydrocephalus, visualization, skinny, obese, oligohydramnios |
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As far as US safety it is ? safe, but harmful effects in cells are observed in a lab setting.
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generally
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Chorionic Villus sampling can be performed in the 1st trimester between the ?-? weeks. It is used to determine fetal ? which can show ? problems. The results are known earlier than ? test.
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10th-12th,
karyotype, genetic, amniocentesis |
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CVS can be performed 2 ways ? or ? Disadvantages of CVS are it is ?, and very few ? can perform this test due to its complexity.
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Transcervical,
Transabdominal, expensive, people |
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Amniocentesis is performed in the 2nd trimester between the ?-?wks gestation to determine ?/? diseases. It is performed in the 3rd trimester to evaluate ? maturity and fetal ? concentration.
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15th-16th,
karyotype/genetic, lung, billirubin |
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Disadvantages to amniocentesis are that it takes ? wks to get results. Advantages are that it is a ? test that is relatively ?
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2 wks,
simple, painless |
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Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling(PUBS) is used to Dx ? disease, ? studies and abnormal blood clotting ?
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Rh,
genetic, factors |
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A test that identifies whether an increase in FHR occurs when the fetus moves, indicating adequate oxygenation is the ? test. A reactive/reassuring test is when the fetus has ? Acells with or without movement within ? min. A nonreactive/nonreassuring test does not demonstrate required characteistics within a ? min period.
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Nonstress,
2, 20min, 40min |
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Use of a artificial larynx applied to the maternal abdomen over the fetal head to stimulate the fetus is ? stimulation this is used to confirm a ? non-stress test, and to shorten time required to perform the ? test.
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vibroacoustic,
nonreactive, non-stress test |
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The test where oxytocin is used to stimulate contractions that cause a decrease in fetal oxygenation, decreased variability and decreased ?s of FHR are expected, and is the test to see if the fetus can tolerate the mild decrease in O2 levels is known as ?
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Acells,
Contraction Stress Test |
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Positive signs of the CST/OCT are ? contractions, lasting ?-? seconds and occuring with ? min. If there are no late Dcells then the test is ?/? if there are late Dcells then the test is ?/?
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3, 40-50sec, 10min,
negative/normal, positive/abnormal |
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With a Biophysical profile a score in the ?-? range is normal. There are two parts to the profile the 1st one is only the ? test whether it is reactive or nonreactive. The 2nd part includes 4 categories, ? breathing, gross body ?'s, fetal ?, amniotic fluid ?
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8-10,
Non-stress test, fetal, movements, tone, volume |
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A BPP test is a measurement of ? and ? markers of fetal well-being.
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acute,
chronic |
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The acute/short term markers for fetal well-being in BPP test are 4 of the 5 components ?, fetal ? movements, gross fetal ?, and fetal ?
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FHR reactivity/NST,
breathing, movement, tone |
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The acute markers for BPP testing are controlled by different ? control centers that develop at different stages of gestation. Fetal ? is the earliest to develop, then fetal ?, and the regular ? movement and ? reactivity develops last at the end of the 2nd or beginning of the 3rd trimester.
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CNS,
tone, movements breathing, FHR |
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With BPP testing the way to read them is that the fetal CNS centers that control each individual parameter of the BPP react differently to ? The control centers that develop later require higher ? levels than those developing earlier.
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hypoxemia,
O2 |
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With BPP readings and decreasing O2 levels we would expect to see ? reactivity dissapear first then fetal ? movments are next, then fetal ? and fetal ? is last. Because of this abscence of fetal ? indicates advanced asphyxia and acidosis. This is known as the "gradual ? effect"
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FHR,
breathing, movement, tone, tone, hypoxia |
