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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 7 parts of the mini mental state exam? |
Appearance and behaviour speech mood (subjective+ objective) thoughts and beliefs perception cognition insight |
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what is a delusion? which part of the mini mental state exam would they be in |
fixed beliefs held despite rational argument thoughts and beliefs |
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what are illusions which part of the MMSE would they be in |
perception
misinterpretation of a sensory stimulus |
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what are hallucinations? which part of the MMSE would they be in? |
perception in the absence of a stimulus perception |
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what is the acronym NOTEPAD stand for in the psychiatric history? |
History of presenting complaint Nature Onset Triggers Exacerbating/ relieving Progression Associated symptoms Disability- how its affecting your life |
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what are the first 5 stages of the psychiatric history? |
presenting compliant history of presenting complaint psychiatric history past medical drug history |
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what where should personal history come into the history and what 5 things should it include? |
after past medical and drug history, before substance misuse history birth and development family and early childhood education occupation relationships |
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what are the last 5 parts of the psychiatric history? |
substance misuse criminal history social history premorbid personality collateral history |
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define affective disorder |
where mood is excessively high or low |
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name 5 physical causes of depression |
hypothyroidism cushings parkinsons dementia MS |
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what would psychoanalytical theories of depression postulate |
depression is caused by poor relationships in early life |
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what does the monoaimine theory of depression state |
depression caused by chemical insufficiency of serotonin nor adrenaline dopamine |
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what are the 3 core symptoms of depression and how long must they be present for a diagnosis |
low mood low energy anergia low enjoyment in previously enjoyed things anhedonia 2 weeks |
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name 4 physical manifestations of depression |
loss of apitite lack of sleep poor concentration aches and pains |
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what 3 blood tests should be done in depression diagnosis |
HBA1c hypothyroidism FBC |
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what is the most appropriate treatment for mild depression |
watch and wait +CBT |
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what are the 3 most common pharmacological agents |
SSRI tricyclic antidepressants MAO |
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what is mania |
excessively high mood |
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what is the diagnostic criteria for mania |
symptoms for 1 weeks which interfere with daily activities high mood high energy increased interest and enjoyment |
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what is the difference between type 1 and type 2 BPAD |
type 1: mainly mania with dispersed depression type 2: mainly depression with some mania |
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what organic causes of mania can there be? (4) |
substance misuse frontal lobe trauma myxodema madness dementia |
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what is cyclothymic disorder? |
fluctuating mild high and low mood |
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what additional test could you do in mania that you don't do in depression as routine |
urine drugs screen |
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what are the 2 main drug classes used for mania and give an example of each |
mood stabilisers: lithium, sodium valporate antipsycotics: olanzipine, rispiridone |
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what is anxiety? |
normal response to stress |
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which are the 3 main neurotransmitters associated with anxiety disorders? |
serotonin nor adrenaline GABA |
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what is generalised anxiety disorder, what must there be for a diagnosis and give 4 differentials |
anxiety not triggered by a single stimulus but counties for 6 months hyperthyroid caffinine substance misuse depression |
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what is phobic anxiety? give 2 examples |
anxiety related to a specific but ordinary situation agoraphobia: fear of not being able to escape to a safe place social: fear of judgement or criticism |
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what is panic disorder, what must there be for a diagnosis? |
paroxysmal anxiety, random and without obvious cause |
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what are the physiological processes associated with a panic attack |
usually self limiting (30 mins) palpitations difficulty breathing tingling chest tightness |
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what is exposure therapy? what is the usual approach |
desensitisation in relation to specific phobias the person is placed with the phobia and has to stay until habitation occurs, after this extinction will occur |
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what pharmocological methods can be used to treat anxiety |
SSRI tricyclic buspirone benzodiazapines beta blockers |
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what is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines and their contraindications and side effects |
act of GABA receptors, opening chlorine ligand gated channels and increasing sensitivity to GABA quickly build up tolerance and addiction drowziness, impaired coordination |
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how does buspirone work? |
acts on SSRI receptors agonist activiting serotonin receptors |
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what is the hippocampus primarily involved with |
turning short term memories into long term memories connections with the amygdala to allow the brain to know whether a fearful stimulus is truly scary |
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what are the connections of the hippocampus and its location |
situated in the floor of the lateral ventricle it attacks superiorly to the fornix which sits below the corpus colosseum with the mamillary body hanging inferiorally from it anterior to the thalamus |
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what is the amygdala and where is it located |
involved in the primal emotions; fear, anger, anxiety sits in the temporal lobe, superior to the hippocampus and attached to the end of the caudate nucleus |
