2.13. Gulf War I (1990)

Front 1

The invasion of the small, oil-rich nation of Kuwait put Iraq, with the fourth largest Army in the world, on the doorstep of Saudi Arabia with its vast petroleum reserves. If the Saudis also fell to Iraq

Back 1

Saddam Hussein would control 50 percent of the world's oil

Front 2

This operation was a massive military buildup in Saudi Arabia near the border of Iraq, aimed first at deterring Saddam Hussein from aggression against the Saudis and then to prepare the way for a counterinvasion, if necessary.

Back 2

Operation Desert Shield

Front 3

Operation Desert Storm began in January 1991 when

Back 3

Saddam Hussein missed the final deadline to withdraw his troops from Kuwait

Front 4

On 15 January 1991, when Saddam Hussein missed the final deadline to withdraw his troops from Kuwait, Operation Desert Storm began. Within the first _________ of Desert Storm, the air war was essentially won.

Back 4

24 hours

Front 5

_________ was a key to the Desert Storm air campaign success.

Back 5

Maintenance

Front 6

In 1991, Operation Provide Comfort was organized to help __________.

Back 6

Iraqi Kurds

Front 7

Operation Provide Comfort was organized to help Iraqi Kurds. Phase II of Operation Provide Comfort ended in December 1996, thanks largely to

Back 7

infighting among Kurdish factions vying for power

Front 8

Phase II of Operation Provide Comfort ended in December 1996, thanks largely to infighting among Kurdish factions vying for power. When one Kurdish group accepted Iraqi backing to drive another from the northern Iraqi city of Irbil, U.S. transports participating in this operation airlifted many displaced Kurds to safe areas in Turkey.

Back 8

Operations Quick Transit I, II, and III

Front 9

Phase II of Operation Provide Comfort ended in December 1996 due to infighting among Kurdish factions. Operations Quick Transit I, II, and III airlifted many Kurds to Turkey while Operation Pacific Haven airlifted 7,000 refugees to Guam for settlement in

Back 9

the United States

Front 10

Operation Northern Watch, which began 1 January 1997 with an initial mandate of 6 months, followed Operation Provide Comfort. Northern Watch officially ended 17 March 2003, two days prior to the beginning of

Back 10

Operation Iraqi Freedom

Front 11

On 26 Aug 1992, to discourage renewed Iraqi military activity near Kuwait, President George H. W. Bush announced a no-fly zone in southern Iraq in support of United Nations Security Council Resolution 688, __________.

Back 11

Operation Southern Watch

Front 12

On 26 August 1992, to discourage renewed Iraqi military activity near Kuwait, President Bush announced a no-fly zone in southern Iraq in support of United Nations Security Council Resolution 688, Operation Southern Watch. The resolution protected

Back 12

Shiite Muslims under aerial attack from the Iraqi regime in the aftermath of Operation Desert Storm

Front 13

In June 1993, the United States launched cruise missile strikes against the Iraq Intelligence Service Headquarters in Baghdad as retaliation for:

Back 13

the planned assassination of former President George Bush during an April 1993 visit to Kuwait

Front 14

In October 1994, Iraqi troops, including elite Republican Guard units, massed at the Kuwaiti border. The United States responded with Operation _______________, the introduction of thousands of additional U.S. Armed Forces personnel into the theater.

Back 14

Vigilant Warrior

Front 15

The first test of the Air and Space Expeditionary Force (AEF) concept was in October 1995 when a composite unit temporarily replaced a Navy Carrier air wing leaving the gulf area. This operation was known as:

Back 15

Operation Southern Watch

Front 16

In 1997, in response to Iraqi aggression against Kurdish rebels in northern Iraq, President Clinton expanded the Southern Watch no-fly zone to _________ just south of Baghdad. The expansion meant that most of Iraqi airspace fell into no-fly zones.

Back 16

the 33rd parallel

Front 17

One of the most important improvements in both flying operations and the quality of life for members resulted directly from the 1996 bombing at Khobar Towers, Dhahran Air Base because

Back 17

the Air Force reorganized security police units into new groups and squadrons that trained in all aspects of force protection

Front 18

Operation Southern Watch officially ended in ___________.

Back 18

August 2003

Front 19

Civil unrest in the wake of a 2-year civil war contributed to a famine in Somalia that killed up to 350,000 people in 1992. To relieve the suffering of refugees near the Kenya-Somalia border and then Somalia itself, the United States initiated Operation __________ in August 1992.

Back 19

Provide Relief

Front 20

First the UN, then the United States, attempted to alleviate the problems in Somalia. In September, the United States initiated Operation ________ to airlift hundreds of Pakistani soldiers under the UN banner to Somalia.

Back 20

Impressive Lift

Front 21

First the UN, then the United States, attempted to alleviate the problems in Somalia. Despite increased security from UN forces, the problems continued. On 4 December 1992, President Bush authorized ____________ to establish order in the country so that food could reach those in need.

Back 21

Operation Restore Hope

Front 22

He received an Air Force Cross for repeatedly exposing himself to intense enemy small arms fire while extracting wounded and dead crewmembers from a crashed helicopter in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Back 22

TSgt Timothy A. Wilkinson

Front 23

What prompted Operation Restore Hope II, the airlifting of 1,700 U.S. troops and 3,100 tons of cargo into Mogadishu between 5 and 13 October 1993?

Back 23

losses sustained on 3 and 4 October in Mogadishu

Front 24

Operation Restore Hope II was

Back 24

the airlifting of 1,700 US troops and 3,100 tons of cargo into Mogadishu in October 1993

Front 25

Operation Uphold Democracy occurred in ___________.

Back 25

Haiti

Front 26

The goal of Operation Uphold Democracy was

Back 26

A. to persuade the military leader in Haiti to relinquish control

B. to return the Haitian president to his country

Front 27

In April 1992, the United States recognized Bosnia's independence and began airlifting relief supplies to Sarajevo. On 3 July 1992, the United States designated operations in support of the UN airlift as _____________ and USAFE C-130s began delivering food and medical supplies.

Back 27

Operation Provide Promise

Front 28

On 3 July 1992, the U.S. named operations in support of the UN airlift providing aid to Sarajevo as Operation Provide Promise and USAFE C-130s began delivering food and medical supplies. Most U.S. Air Force missions flew out of

Back 28

Rhein-Main AB, Germany

Front 29

Operation Provide Promise expanded significantly after President Clinton took office in response to continued attacks by Bosnian Serbs on Sarajevo and on the relief aircraft themselves. A secondary mission, Operation _________, took place in December 1993 when C-130s dropped 50 tons of toys and children's clothes and shoes over Sarajevo.

Back 29

Provide Santa

Front 30

On 14 December 1995, the warring factions in Bosnia signed peace accords at

Back 30

Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio

Front 31

The operation that was an effort to limit the war in Bosnia through the imposition of a no-fly zone over the country was named

Back 31

NATO Operation Deny Flight

Front 32

NATO aircraft scored the first aerial combat victories in its 45-year history when

Back 32

Two U.S. Air Force F-16s intercepted six Bosnian Serb jets and shot down four

Front 33

Despite its actions, Deny Flight did not stop the Bosnian Serb attacks or effectively limit the war in Bosnia. Examples of Bosnian Serb resistance are

Back 33

A. Bosnian Serbs often took members of lightly armed UN forces hostage to compel NATO to discontinue its airstrikes
B. Bosnian Serbs took 370 UN soldiers hostage after Deny Flight aircraft struck a munitions depot
C. Bosnian Serbs shot down a U.S. Air Force F-16 patrolling over Bosnia

Front 34

Operation Deliberate Force served notice to Bosnian Serb forces that __________.

Back 34

they would be held accountable for their actions

Front 35

This operation delivered airstrikes not only against targets around Sarajevo, but also against Bosnian Serb targets throughout Bosnia.

Back 35

Deliberate Force

Front 36

This operation marked the first campaign in aerial warfare where precision munitions outweighed conventional bombs.

Back 36

Deliberate Force

Front 37

The Deliberate Force air campaign achieved the desired results. On 14 September, the Serbs agreed to NATO terms and the bombing stopped. Deliberate Force officially ended 21 September 1995 with the signing of peace accords

Back 37

in Paris

Front 38

Deliberate Force officially ended 21 September 1995 with the December signing in Paris of peace accords among the warring parties. This operation, whose mission was to implement the agreements, replaced it in 1996.

Back 38

Operation Joint Endeavor

Front 39

The conclusion of Operations Deliberate Force and Deny Flight did not mean the end to strife in the region. Operation Allied Force was brought about in response to

Back 39

the Serbian government oppressing its ethnic Albanian population in Kosovo

Front 40

The primary factor in the conclusion of Operation Allied Force was

Back 40

NATO's unity and resolve