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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a + b = b + a or a x b = b x a |
commutative property of addition or multiplication |
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a x (b + c) = a x b + a x c |
distributive property |
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(a + b) + c = a + (b + c) or (a x b) x c = a x (b x c) |
associative property of addition or multiplication |
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a + (-a) = 0 |
additive inverse |
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a + 0 = a |
additive identity |
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a x 1/a = 1, a not 0 |
multiplicative inverse |
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a x 1 = a |
multiplicative identity |
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Multiply Binomials |
FOIL = Firsts, Outsides, Insides, Lasts |
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p = m / v What does each letter represent |
p = density m = mass v = volume |
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Volume of a rectangular prism |
V = L x W x H |
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Volume of Triangle Prism |
V = 1/2 L x W x H or V = 1/2 B x H Base = Area of Triangle |
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Surface Area of Sphere |
A = 4 π r2 |
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A = Future Value of an Investment (Equation) P = r = n = t = |
A = P(1 + r/n)nt P = Principal Investment r = rate of return or percentage rate in decimal n = number of compounds per year 2, 4, 12 t = number of years |
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Pythagoreans Theorem |
A2 + B2 = C2 or AB2 + BC2 = AC2 |
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Volume of a Sphere |
(4/3)πr3 |
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Equation of a straight line is |
y = mx + b |
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Y = m = x = b = |
y = point on y axis m = slope = rise/run = rise - rise/run - run x = point on x axis b = y - intercept |
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the measure of two items are the same |
congruent |
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two things have exactly the same shape, not necessarily the same size |
similar |
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something excepted without proof |
axiom |
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something that must be proved- directly and logically |
theorem |
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average set of numbers |
mean |
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middle number of a set of numbers |
median |
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most common number in a set of numbers |
mode |
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span between largest and smallest number |
range |
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chance that a certain event or outcome will happen can be expressed as fraction where the numerator is the outcome desired and the denominator is the total possible chances. |
Probability |
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is a range of formal and informal assessment procedures conducted by teachers during the learning process in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment. |
formative assessment |
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assessment that helps a teacher identify the cueing systems used by a reader — the strategies a reader uses to make sense of a text. Instead of focusing on errors, miscue analysis focuses on what the student is doing right, so that he or she can learn to build on existing reading strategies.
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miscue analysis |
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the fast, effortless word recognition that comes with a great deal of reading practice. Reading with accuracy, speed, and recognition.
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automaticity |
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Reading with expression |
Fluency |
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Relatively easy for the student to read (95% word accuracy). |
Independent Level of Reading |
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Challenging but manageable for the reader (90% word accuracy).
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Instructional Level of Reading |
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Difficult text for the student to read (less than 90% word accuracy).
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Frustrational Level of Reading |
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1. the science or study of poetic meters and versification.
2. a particular or distinctive system of metrics and versification: Milton's prosody. 3. Linguistics. the stress and intonation patterns of an utterance. |
Prosody |
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tests set absolute levels of performance (criteria) to indicate a learner's knowledge and skill. Learners are not compared to any norming group; a single grade equivalent or percentage correct needed to indicate mastery is established for all. The curriculum follows the requirements of the test.
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Criterion-Referenced Test |
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tests administer their assessment to a large number of people (the reference or norming group) in order to assess the test's reliability and to find the range of performance on a particular ability. Averages of the reference group's scores give a base to which examiners can compare results of their examinees.
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Norm-Referenced Test |
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a broad skill that includes identifying and manipulating units of oral language – parts such as words, syllables, and onsets and rimes.
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Phonological Awareness |
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refers to the specific ability to focus on and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words.
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Phonemic Awareness |
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the smallest units comprising spoken language.
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Phonemes |
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language that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation.
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Figurative Language |
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the ability to apply your knowledge of letter-sound relationships, including knowledge of letter patterns, to correctly pronounce written words.
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Word Decoding |
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approach to reading instruction that teaches students the principles of letter-sound relationships, how to sound out words, and exceptions to the principles.
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Phonics |
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Writing Genre: Students observe carefully and choose precise language. They take notice of sensory details and create comparisons (metaphors and similes) to make their writing more powerful. |
Descriptive Writing |
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Writing Genre: Students collect and synthesize information. This writing is objective; reports are the most common type. Students use expository writing to give directions, sequence steps, compare one thing to another, explain causes and effects, or describe problems and solutions. |
Expository Writing |
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Writing Genre: Students write to themselves and to specific, known audiences. Their writing is personal and often less formal than other genres. They share news, explore new ideas, and record notes. Students learn the special formatting that letters and envelopes require. |
Journals and Letters |
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Writing Genre: Students retell familiar stories, develop sequels for stories they have read, write stories about events in their own lives, and create original stories. They include a beginning, middle, and end in the narratives to develop the plot and characters. |
Narrative Writing |
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Writing Genre: winning someone to your viewpoint or cause using appeals to logic, moral character, and emotion. Students present their position clearly and support it with examples and evidence. |
Persuasive Writing |
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Writing Genre: Students create word pictures and play with rhyme and other stylistic devices as they create poems. Through their wordplay, students learn that poetic language is vivid and powerful but concise and that poems can be arranged in different ways on a page.
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Poetry Writing |
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is a research-based instructional practice in teaching reading comprehension to students to enhance content area learning. CSR teaches students reading comprehension while working in small cooperative groups.
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Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR)
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Surface Area of a Cylinder |
A = 2πrh + 2πr2
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Volume of Cylinder |
V = πr2h |
