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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anything that takes up space and has mass is called what?
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matter
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List the three primary phases of matter.
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solid, liquid, gas
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A substance that cannot be broken down into another substance by ordinary chemical means is known as what?
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element
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How many elements are there?
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92
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How are the elements differentiated?
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physical or chemical characteristics
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List the six elements that make up 98% of the body weight of most organisms. (Hint: CHNOPS)
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carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur
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What is the term for the one or two letters that represent the name of an atom?
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atomic symbol
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What are the three subatomic particles?
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protons, neutrons, electrons
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What is the charge of protons?
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positive
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What is the charge of neutrons?
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neutral
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What is the charge of electrons?
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negative
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Which subatomic particle(s) are located in the nucleus of an atom?
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protons and neutrons
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Which subatomic particle(s) are located outside the nucleus?
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electrons
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The atomic mass of an atom is about equal to the sum of which two subatomic particles?
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protons and neutrons
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Protons and neutrons are assigned how many atomic mass units each?
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one
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All atoms of an element have the same number of which subatomic particle?
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protons
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What is the number of protons in an atom known as?
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atomic number
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The number of which subatomic particle makes an atom unique?
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protons
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In the periodic table what is the number written above the atomic symbol?
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atomic number
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In the periodic table what is the number written below the atomic symbol?
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atom's mass
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What do we call the horizontal row in the periodic table?
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period
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What do we call the vertical columns in the periodic table?
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group
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What do we call an atom of the same element that has a differ in the number of neutrons?
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isotope
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A substance with a radioactive tag attached that allows a researcher to track it in a living system is called what?
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tracer
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In the periodic table, do the periods or groups indicate how many shells an atom has?
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periods
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In the periodic table, do the periods or groups indicate how many electrons an atom has in its outer shell?
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group
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What rule describes how atoms tend to form bonds until it has 8 electrons in its outer shell and when the outer shell is filled with 8 electrons, it will not form any other bonds?
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octet rule
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Considering the octet rule and those atoms in group 8, describe their reactivity (ability to form bonds with other atoms).
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inert (do not form bonds)
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What do atoms do in order to get 8 electrons in their outermost shell?
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give up, accept, or share electrons
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What is an atom's outer most shell called?
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valence shell
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What do we call two or more atoms bonded together?
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molecule
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What do we call a molecule that contains atoms of more than one element?
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compound
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List the two types of chemical bonds.
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ionic, covalent
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How are ionic bonds formed?
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transferring electrons
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How are covalent bonds formed?
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sharring electrons
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What types of covalent bonds are there?
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single, double, triple
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What is the strongest type of covalent bond?
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triple
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What is the weakest type of covalent bond?
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single
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What do we call an atom that is charged due to electron transfer?
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ion
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The molecules that participate in a chemical reaction are called what?
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reactants
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The molecules that are formed in a chemical reaction are called what?
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products
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