20Th Century Art History Midterm.

Front 1

Name This:

Begins in the late 1800's

lots of hustle and bustle

birth of the modern world

photography is invented

Back 1

The Long 20th Century

Front 2

What year is photography created?

Back 2

1830's

Front 3

What affect does the invention photography have on painters and artists?

Back 3

Artists start to move away from painting to capture a scene as it looks in real life, and move towards working in more surprising ways.

They move out of realism.

Art and painting changes due to this.

Photography spurred on impressionism.

Front 4

What is Avant Garde? Describe what avant garde work is like.

Back 4

Definition: Trying to push the boundaries and create something different and unique while also working within the rules.

Avant Garde work is showy and eyecatching, surprising and original.

Avant Garde french translation: "Avant" means before. "Garde" means soldiers/army.

So, it translates to the first soldiers going out before the rest, the adventurers. This defines avant garde artists pretty well.

Front 5

Where and when does "Classical Art" begin?

Back 5

Ancient Greece, 400 BCE

Front 6

What is "Classical Art?"

Back 6

Classical art is naturalistic, idealized, and a perfect reflection of reality. It is the Academic Tradition.

Front 7

What year is the Renaissance?

Back 7

1500's

Front 8

What year does Neo-Classical Art arise?

Back 8

Early 1800's

Front 9

When does Academic Painting become popular?

Back 9

Late 1800's

Front 10

When is impressionism invented?

Back 10

1870's

Front 11

Name some Impressionist artists.

Back 11

Monet, Daguerre, Mary Cassat. Degas, Renoir,

Front 12

What is Impressionism and what year did it begin?

Back 12

Impressionism is a style or movement in painting originating in France in the 1870s, characterized by a concern with depicting the visual impression of the moment, especially in terms of the shifting effect of light and color, and also capturing the emotion and feeling of the scene, rather than depicting the accurateness of it.

Can be linked to photography

Front 13

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 13

Daguerre,Boulevarddu Temple, 1838

This piece is a photograph and it can be linked to Impressionism, as photography helped spur on the impressionist movement.

Front 14

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 14

AugusteRenoir, Moulin de la Galette, 1876

This piece is an impressionist painting, and it has a very airy quality about it. You can sense the movement and the atmosphere of the piece, which is what Impressionism is all about.

Front 15

What are the defining characteristics of Impressionism?

Back 15

Impressionism is defined by by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, inclusion of movement as a crucial part of the piece.

Front 16

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 16

Daguerre, Still Life, 1838.

Photography and the use of it to show that it can be used for more than just documenting history and using it for records. It can be used for art and should be considered an art form.

Front 17

Name the artist, the medium, etc, the date.

Back 17

Nadar: “fine art” photography and professionalportraiture, Paris, 1860s.

Front 18

Name some influences on impressionism.

Back 18

Photography and japanese prints (monet was influenced by these)

Front 19

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 19

Impressionism, MaryCassatt, The Bath, 1893,

Has very muted colors, and that really brings out the atmosphere of the piece. Perspective isnt 100% correct so it fits impressionism.

Front 20

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 20

ClaudeMonet, Impression: Sunrise, 1872

Front 21

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 21

ClaudeMonet, Boulevard des Capucines, 1874

Front 22

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 22

EdgarDegas, Place de la Concorde, 1875

Front 23

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 23

EdgarDegas, Dancers, 1878

Front 24

What is Post Impressionism and what year was it started??

Back 24

Post impressionism is the work or style of a varied group of late 19th-century and early 20th-century artists including Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Cézanne.

They reacted against the naturalism of the impressionists to explore color, line, and form, and the emotional response of the artist, a concern that led to the development of expressionism.

Post Impressionist artists just tried to be artists. Their works were rejected from shows and museums because it was revolting to critics and viewers. It went against the academic standard. It was emotional and symbolic.

Front 25

Important Post-Impressionist Artists

Back 25

Seurat, Gauguin. Van Gogh, Cezanne.

Front 26

Who is George Seurat?

Back 26

Seurat is a post impressionist painter who worked from 1859-1891. He had a background in Neo-Classism. He did lots of studies for each piece he created as he also had a scientific background. He is the inventor of pointillism.

Front 27

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 27

GeorgesSeurat, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, 1884. Post Impressionism Technique is pointillism. He created it. It is a series of small dots. sort of like optical mixing. Looks like impressionism at first glance, but he takes that and makes it quieter. He makes it more relaxed. There is a sense of the world being frozen. Took him 2 years to finish. He evenly spaced it all out, organized it all, did studies. Depicition of social classes. At this time scientists are inventing color theory.

Front 28

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 28

PaulCezanne, Bay of Marseilles, 1885 Post impressionism

Cezanne's piece is very flat. it's very stable and super colorful. it's post impressionistic.

academic subject matter (landscape)

thoughtful. Not a lot of perspective. Cezanne does the obvious. He inspires picasso and cubism.

Front 29

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 29

PaulCezanne, Mont Sainte Victoire, 1902, Post impressionistic.

again, very flat. He uses contrasting colors of warm and cool tones. world is becoming more geometric.

Front 30

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 30

PaulCezanne, Basket of Apples, 1893.

Post Impressionistic. The technique is to show that subject matter that is so classically academic can be turned into something that is now post impressionistic. He takes this classic set up, and takes things like the apples and turns it into a basic shape like a circle. The painting itself is also just so flat. You look at it, and you know he did this intentionally. He made the perspective warped on purpose and made certain aspects, such as the bottle not being symmetrical and the table being at an odd angle, to make the viewer realize that they're not looking at some bit of real life, but a painting. Cezanne was definitely more interested in the process of painting.

Front 31

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 31

PaulGauguin, Vision After the Sermon, 1888, post impressionistic. Again there is that sense of warped perspective, and skewing things like anatomy and proportion. Gaugain painted what he felt. This image is symbolic, and is totally imaginary. done in a very primitive style.

Front 32

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 32

PaulGauguin, Where do we Come From? What are We? Whereare we Going?, 1897 Post impressionistic Gaugain painted what he felt. This image is symbolic, and is totally imaginary. done in a very primitive style.

Front 33

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 33

Vincent Van Gogh, Night Cafe, 1888.

ITS VINCENT FREAKING VAN GOGH Post impressionistic

Front 34

What is Fauvism and when did it happen?

Back 34

Fauvism was the first avant garde art movement, it began in france in 1905.

Fauvists believed that pain was the center of the art world, and that there was symbolism in your brush strokes. Fauvism is also about color. One key phrase is "To unlock the primal" So i suppose in that sense fauvist works are quite primal looking. The fauvists distort nature, and anatomy. They push colors and use vivid hues and shades and colors.

Front 35

Important fauvist artists?

Back 35

Henri Matisse, and Derain.

Front 36

What do the Fauves believe in? What does Fauve mean?

Back 36

Fauves believed that pain was the center of the art world, and they only worked together for 3 years. Fauves means wild beasts. Fauvism is the style of les Fauves (French for "the wild beasts"), a loose group of early twentieth-century modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong color over the representational or realistic values retained by Impressionism.

Front 37

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 37

HenriMatisse, Luxe, Calme, et Volupte, 1904

Fauvism

quicker sloppier version of pointillism. fast paced. contrasting emotions. rich colors

reworking subject matter

strong diagonal composition.

at this time they were inventing new paint colors.

Front 38

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 38

Matisse,Blue Nude, 1907, Fauvism

The color gives off a sense of sadness.

Yet the woman in the piece is sensual and bold, yet detached. He's reworking classical subject matter. which I think is a very fauve thing to do. People were freaked out by this painting but thats what he wanted. Fauves were avant garde. landspace is primal. anatomy is distorted

Front 39

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 39

Matisse, The Green Line, 1905.

Fauvist

Portrait of his wife. uneasy feeling due to the division down the center of her face. feelings of self doubt. traditional subject matter again but taking it and distorting it. Color is what gives us this mood and feeling of unease.

Front 40

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 40

Matisse, Woman with a Hat, 1906

Fauvist

explosion of color, very child like.

Front 41

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 41

Matisse, The Open Window, 1905, fauvist

Very child like, yet it still works within the boundaries of classical subject matter. so it's quite avant garde.

Front 42

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 42

AndreDerain, London Bridge, 1906, Fauvist

strong diagonal, influenced by impressionism, traditional subject matter aka landscape or scene, but the brush strokes and color are wild.

Front 43

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 43

Matisse, Harmony in Red, 1908, Fauvist

influenced by picasso (they hate each other)

Gertrude stein is the woman in the piece

matisse is the color guy, picasso is the shape guy.

Front 44

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Back 44

Matisse, The Dance, 1910, Fauvist

Wild crazy piece. truly fauve. distortion of anatomy and reality. metaphor for communication through movement.

Front 45

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 45

Matisse, The Red Studio, 1911, Fauvist

sense of emptiness in the room except for the art works on the wall. those have presence.

Front 46

Notable German Expressionists:

Back 46

Kirchner and Kandinsky.

Front 47

What is Die Brucke? During what time were they active

Back 47

Die Brucke is a form of German expressionism, and also of group of German artists who were active and worked together from 1905-1913. These artists were painting and creating during world war 1, so there world was awful. They hated the present and wanted to use their art to create a bridge to the past. The bridge artists painted the world and thought their paintings could make a difference. These artists are getting really inspired by french artists. The bridge artists also thought that the world was too decedent so a lot of their art plays on that. This movement started in Dresden, Germany. Bridge artists were utopians. But they painted sad terrible real world things

Front 48

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 48

ErnstLudwig Kirchner, Self Portrait With Model, 1910, Die Brucke.

About kirchner's state of being.

the colors make you feel sick/depressed/uncomfortable

image is about the unbalance in the relationship

Bridge artists thought the world was too decedent.

Front 49

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 49

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, The Street, Dresden, 1908, Die Brucke.

Kirchner is showing what the city is like through his eyes. He sees the city as soulless and fast. It is busy, but isolated. The prostitutes in the front are the main focus of the piece as they are the brightest and they draw your eye.

He uses bold raw brush strokes and gastly colors to invoke these sick feelings inside of you. still has a strong diagonal. overall sense of ease and discomfort. not just seeing with your eyes but with your feelings.

Front 50

Which group was Kirchner apart of? Who was he?

Back 50

Die Bruke (The Bridge) Kerchner was a german expressionist painter. His early works included lots of nude women. His signature work is the piece "Streets of Berlin" 1915. which was a seven part series

He painted what he saw and felt was the impact on german culture after ww1

Front 51

What is The Blue Rider? During what time were they active

Back 51

The Blue Rider is another form of German expressionism and another group of artists. They operated during the same time as the Bridge artists, but they thought the world sucked so why was it even worth painting?? They believed each color is linked to a feeling and emotion. They escaped the dismal world they lived in via abstraction.

Front 52

Which group was Kandinsky apart of? Who was he?

Back 52

Blue Rider. Kandinsky was a russian painter and art theorist. Credited with creating one of the first recognized abstract works.

He sought to convey spirituality and human emotion through abstract art and color/shape. Thought he could convey emotion without figures. Leader of the Blue Rider. Early paintings by kandinsky are reminiscent of Russia, childhood, landscape,

Front 53

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 53

VasilyKandinsky, Improvisation (Composition VII), 1913, Blue Rider.

This piece is purely non objective.

Front 54

What is Cubism? What time?

Back 54

Cubism is an early 20th-century (1910) style and movement in art, especially painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.

Front 55

Important cubist artists

Back 55

Picasso and Braque

Front 56

What different periods did picasso go through?

Back 56

Picasso went through his Blue Period in 1903

During this time he was pretty poor and

pretty depressed. he elongates things during this period to give them a sense of unease as a way to convey his sadness.

His rose period in 1906

During his rose period he starts selling his art,

He meets a girl, and starts using shades of rose

Pre-Cubism in 1907

and then finally reached cubism in 1910.

He also had a period where he created sculptures and art using found objects and other pieces of scrap, these pieces were still done in the cubist style though.

Front 57

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 57

PabloPicasso, Le Moulin de la Galette,1900, Post impressionist,

He's using lots of dark moody colors to convey an emotion and scene.

Front 58

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 58

PabloPicasso, Old Guitarist, 1903, Blue Period.

Picasso during his blue period, was well, blue. So his art during this time reflected how he was feeling. He elongated limbs and used sickly colors for flesh tones to reflect what was going on in his own life.

Front 59

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 59

PabloPicasso, Gertrude Stein, 1906, Rose Period. This portrait of stein was inspired by african masks, and Iberian statues.

Front 60

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 60

Picasso,Les Demoiselles of Avignon, 1907, Pre-cubism.

This piece is a pre cubist work. Pre cubism takes every rule of what painting is supposed to be and breaks it.

Raw naked sexual power.

brothel scene

traditional materials and techniques were used.

faces and bodies were defintiley not realistic. faces were based off of african masks and the noses of the women were in profile. He wanted to know how he could show the fast paced world through a painting.

Front 61

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Back 61

GeorgesBraque, Houses at L’Estaque, 1908

Cubism

This guy helped invent cubism

Front 62

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Back 62

Picasso,Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, 1910

(ANALYTICCUBISM 1909-1911)

flatness and shape

no interest in color

seeing things from multiple perspectives

Analytical Cubism is about analyzing the world around you.

Front 63

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Back 63

Picasso,Still Life with Chair Caning, 1912

(SYNTHETCCUBISM 1912-1914)

breaking things up but adding stuff

Front 64

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Back 64

Braque,Fruit Dish and Glass, 1912

Front 65

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Back 65

Picasso,Guitar, Sheet Music, 1912

Front 66

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Back 66

Picasso, Woman's Head, 1909

Front 67

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Back 67

Picasso, Guitar, 1912

Front 68

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Back 68

Picasso, Three Musicians, 1921
LOTS OF COLORS. Real blocky. very jazz era. disorienting

Front 69

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Back 69

Picasso, Three Women At The Spring, 1921

Paints this after ww1 because he needs comfort so he goes back to what he knows. traditional work.

Front 70

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 70

Picasso,Guernica, 1937

This piece is based on a tragedy that occured in the Spanish town of Guernica in the spanish civil war, while the world was on the brink of ww2. An explosion in the town kills almost everyone. Picasso's first piece of political work.

Front 71

What is Futurism? What's the Date

Back 71

an artistic movement begun in Italy in 1910 that violently rejected traditional forms so as to celebrate and incorporate into art the energy and dynamism of modern technology. They liked violence and war as well. They didnt like strong women. lmao

Front 72

What is Russian Modernism? What's the date?

Back 72

Russian Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. (1915) Among the factors that shaped modernism were the development of modern industrial societies and the rapid growth of cities, followed then by reactions of horror to World War I. Modernism also rejected the certainty of Enlightenment thinking, and many modernists rejected religious belief.

Front 73

Important Futurist artist:

Back 73

Umberto Boccioni

Front 74

Important Russian Modernist artist:

Back 74

,KazimirMalevich

Front 75

Influences on futurist art:

Back 75

Etienne Jules Marey (France)

Eadweard Muybridge (USA)

Stop-motion photography, 1880-90s

Front 76

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Back 76

UmbertoBoccioni, The City Rises, 1910, futurism/dynamism

Front 77

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Back 77

Boccioni,Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913

Front 78

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Back 78

Giacomo Balla,Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash, 1912

Front 79

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Back 79

GinoSeverini,Armored Train in Action, 1915

Front 80

Back 80

Malevich,SuprematistComposition, White Square on White, 1918

Front 81

Back 81

VladimirTatlin,Monument to the Third International, 1920 (model)

Front 82

What was the Dada movement? and when was it?

Back 82

Well the word Dada doesnt mean anything. It's just baby babble. But, the Dada movement was the first conceptual art movement where the focus of the artists was not on crafting aesthetically pleasing objects but on making works that often upended bourgeois sensibilities and that generated difficult questions about society, the role of the artist, and the purpose of art. The question of "what makes art art?" came from "dada" "everything is art" Dada began in 1915 in response to WW1.

Front 83

What is De Stjil

Back 83

De Stijl, Dutch for "The Style", also known as neoplasticism, was a Dutch artistic movement founded in 1920 in Amsterdam. came to an end in 1940.

Front 84

what are mondrian's pieces about?

Back 84

Universaland Absolute art UtopianspiritHarmony,balance, rhythm, purityOrderand Randomness

Front 85

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Back 85

HannahHoch,Cut with the Kitchen Knife (through the beer Belly of the Weimar Republic),1919

DADA

German Dada: Duringand just after WWI,Photo-montage,Political

Front 86

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Back 86

SwissDada: ChanceJeanArp, Collage with Squares Arranged According to the Laws of Chance, 1916

Front 87

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Back 87

MarcelDuchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase, 1912French Dada: Questioning tradition and Humor

DUCHAMP IS THE PRANK KING.

Front 88

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Back 88

MarcelDuchamp, Fountain, 1917

DADA

Front 89

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Back 89

MarcelDuchamp, L H O O Q, 1919

DADA

Front 90

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Back 90

Duchamp,Étant donnés,1946-66, (Given)

DADA

Front 91

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Back 91

Piet Mondrian, Composition with Red, Yellow, and Blue, 1921.

De Stjil

Front 92

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Back 92

Piet Mondrian, Broadway Boogie, 1942

De Stjil

Front 93

Define surrealism in 3sentences:Writedown:

1.Overall, what does the work look like and what it the typical subject matter?

2.Most important (featured) artists

3.What was going on in the world at the time (context)

Back 93

Surrealism looks like something out of a wacky dream. The subject matter is typically that of the artists imagination, yet unchained/untethered. The artists just paints what they imagine or what they dream. Some of the most important artists are Salvador Dali and ReneMagritte.

This movement was around 1925, and during this time it was the roaring 20's. So a lot of flamboyancy and we were on the brink of WW2.

Front 94

Important Surrealist Artists

Back 94

Dali and Magritte

Front 95

What are the two types of surrealism?

Back 95

automatism and illusionistic dream imagery.

Front 96

Influences on surrealism:

Back 96

DADA

(early20th c. avant-gardes):PrimitivismDistortion

PassionateColor and Brushwork

Emotional/MentalStates

Fantasy

Symbolism

Spiritual/MentalExpression

PureAbstraction/Non-Representation

Inspirationfrom things other than the visualDissatisfactionwith the worldUtopianSpirit, trying to make the world better

Front 97

Identify this piece's artist, talk a little about technique, and give the date and it's movement.

Back 97

Battle of Fishes, Andre Masson. 1926

The technique is automatic drawing, automatism is a method of art making in which the artist suppresses conscious control over the making process, allowing the unconscious mind to have great sway. To me it looks like a japanese print