201A - Test Iii Vocab And General Q's

Front 1

Define:

Nondisjunction

Back 1

Failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during cell division.

Front 2

Define:

Aneuploidy

Back 2

Offspring have an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Results from fertilization of gametes in which nondisjunction has occurred.

Front 3

Breakage of a chromosome can lead to what four
types of changes in chromosome structure?

Back 3

Deletion

Duplication

Inversion

Translocationt

Front 4

Define:

Character

Back 4

a heritable feature, such as flower color

Front 5

Define:

Trait

Back 5

a variant of a specific character, such as purple or white flowers

Front 6

Define:

Phenotype

Back 6

The physical appearance of a trait

Front 7

Define:

Genotype

Back 7

The genetic makeup of a trait

Front 8

Define:

True-breeding

Back 8

An organism that is homozygous for a particular gene.

Has a pair of identical alleles for that gene.

Front 9

Define:

The Law of Segregation

Back 9

When gametes are produced, the two alleles for a particular trait segregate into the resulting gametes, with only a single allele per gamete.

Front 10

Define:

The Law of Independent Assortment

Back 10

Each pair of alleles segregate independently during gamete formation.

Front 11

Define:

Complete dominance

Back 11

The phenotype a of heterozygote and dominant homozygote are identical.

Front 12

Define:

Codominance

Back 12

Two dominant alleles affect the phenotype in separate distinguishable ways.

One is not dominant over the other.

Front 13

Define:

Incomplete dominance

Back 13

Phenotype of F_1 hybrids is somewhere between the phenotype of the two parental varieties.

Front 14

Define:

Pleiotropy

Back 14

A gene with multiple phenotypic effect.

i.e. one gene effects multiple phenotypes.

Front 15

Define:

Epistasis

Back 15

A gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus.

Front 16

Give 3 examples of recessive disorders found on the x-chromosome

Back 16

– Color blindness

– Duchenne muscular dystrophy

– Hemophilia

Front 17

Give 2 examples of recessively inherited disorders:

Back 17

Cystic Fibrosis

Sickle-Cell Disease

Front 18

Give 2 examples of dominantly inherited disorders

Back 18

Achondroplasia

Huntington's Disease

Front 19

Define:

Genetic Map

Back 19

A linkage map of chromosomes based on recombinant frequency.

Front 20

Define:

Sex-linked gene

Back 20

A gene located on either sex chromosome.