2015 Neuroanatomy Exam 1

Front 1

cerebrum and cerebellum

Back 1

brain

Front 2

midbrain, pons, and medulla

Back 2

brainstem

Front 3

contains the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord

Back 3

central nervous system

Front 4

consist of nerve roots, ganglia, nerves, and nerve endings/receptors

Back 4

peripheral nervous system

Front 5

collection of cell bodies

Back 5

ganglia

Front 6

collection of axons

Back 6

nerve

Front 7

excitable cells that receive and integrate stimuli

Back 7

neurons

Front 8

cells that conduct electrical impulses and transmit information

Back 8

neurons

Front 9

cells that carry information in one direction

Back 9

neurons

Front 10

chains of neurons are connected by these

Back 10

synapses

Front 11

these cells do not replicate (have no centrioles)

Back 11

neurons

Front 12

these cells support neurons and help them function more efficiently

Back 12

glial cells

Front 13

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia

Back 13

glial cells (CNS)

Front 14

satellite cells, Schwann cells

Back 14

glial cells (PNS)

Front 15

contains organelles found in most cells (except centrioles)

Back 15

cell body

Front 16

dark clumps of RER

Back 16

Nissl bodies

Front 17

process extending from the cell body

Back 17

axon

Front 18

collection of axons bound together (both afferent and efferent)

Back 18

nerve

Front 19

has one process from cell body

Back 19

unipolar neuron

Front 20

general sensory neuron (DRG, trigeminal ganglion)

Back 20

unipolar neuron

Front 21

neuron that has two processes from the cell body

Back 21

bipolar neuron

Front 22

special sensory neuron (vision, balance, hearing, smell, taste)

Back 22

bipolar neuron

Front 23

neuron with many processes from cell body, but ONE axon

Back 23

multipolar neuron

Front 24

motor neuron (LMN, autonomic)

Back 24

multipolar neuron

Front 25

connective tissue that surrounds an individual axon

Back 25

endoneurium

Front 26

connective tissue that surrounds a bundle of axons

Back 26

perineurium

Front 27

connective tissue that surrounds the entire nerve

Back 27

epineurium

Front 28

contact point between neurons or an effector cell

Back 28

synapse

Front 29

space between nerve ending and next cell

Back 29

synaptic cleft

Front 30

site where neurotransmitters are released to affect the cell being contacted

Back 30

synaptic cleft

Front 31

glial cell involved in the blood brain barrier

Back 31

astrocyte

Front 32

glial cell that proliferates when damaged forming a glial scar

Back 32

astrocyte

Front 33

glial cell that myelinates axons in CNS

Back 33

oligodendrocyte

Front 34

glial cell that comprises most of white matter

Back 34

oligodendrocyte

Front 35

glial cell that lines the ventricle and central canal

Back 35

ependymal cell

Front 36

glial cell that forms a lining of the choroid plexus, secreting CSF

Back 36

ependymal cell

Front 37

glial cell that is an immune cell active in phagocytosis

Back 37

microglia

Front 38

glial cell that is derived from monocytes in blood

Back 38

microglia

Front 39

glial cell that is increased in response to injury

Back 39

microglia

Front 40

glial cell that surrounds cell bodies of neurons

Back 40

satellite cell

Front 41

glial cell that surrounds all axons and neurons in PNS

Back 41

schwann cell

Front 42

glial cell that is important in axonal regeneration

Back 42

schwann cell

Front 43

cells that can wrap around an axon and form a myelin sheath

Back 43

schwann cell

Front 44

composed of multiple layers of schwann cell membrane

Back 44

myelin

Front 45

insulated the axon and increases speed of conduction

Back 45

myelin sheath

Front 46

myelin-free gap between two adjacent schwann cells

Back 46

node of ranvier

Front 47

rapid passage of an action potential from node to node

Back 47

saltatory conduction

Front 48

formation of three germ layers during week three

Back 48

trilaminar embryo

Front 49

layer that creates the epidermis and nervous system

Back 49

ectoderm

Front 50

layer that creates bone, muscle, CT, blood, lymphatics, and body cavities

Back 50

mesoderm

Front 51

layer that forms the lining of the GI, urinary, and respiratory tracts

Back 51

endoderm

Front 52

splits into neural tube and neural crest

Back 52

neural ectoderm

Front 53

form neurons whose cell bodies are in the CNS

Back 53

neural tube

Front 54

form neurons whose cell bodies are in the PNS

Back 54

neural crest

Front 55

invasion of a damaged or degenerating area of the CNS by glial cells, usually astrocytes

Back 55

gliosis

Front 56

process that fills in the defects of the CNS and impedes regeneration

Back 56

gliosis

Front 57

telencephalon and diencephalon

Back 57

forebrain

Front 58

becomes the cerebral hemispheres

Back 58

telencephalon

Front 59

becomes the thalamus, hypothalamus, etc

Back 59

diencephalon

Front 60

surrounds the cerebral aqueduct, cerebral peducles

Back 60

midbrain

Front 61

becomes the pons and medulla around the 4th ventricle and central canal

Back 61

hindbrain

Front 62

shape for most of the connections of the telencephalon to diencephalon due to its growth pattern

Back 62

C-shape

Front 63

100 degree bend of the neural tube between the midbrain and diencephalon

Back 63

cephalic flexure

Front 64

organization of neuron cell bodies of the spinal cord

Back 64

nucleus

Front 65

functional groupings of neurons

Back 65

nucleus

Front 66

horn that receives sensory information

Back 66

dorsal horn

Front 67

horn with cell bodies of the LMNs to ventral roots

Back 67

ventral horn

Front 68

horn between dorsal and ventral related to ANS

Back 68

intermediate horn

Front 69

consist of ascending and descending nerve fibers

Back 69

white matter

Front 70

column between dorsal horns

Back 70

dorsal column

Front 71

column between ventral horns

Back 71

ventral column

Front 72

column between the dorsal and ventral horns on each side

Back 72

lateral column

Front 73

functional groupings of nerve fibers

Back 73

tract

Front 74

ascending tract that originates in the spinal cord and terminates at the thalamus

Back 74

spinothalamic tract

Front 75

descending tract that originates in the cortex and terminates in the spinal cord

Back 75

corticospinal tract

Front 76

cell columns that extend through the entire spinal cord

Back 76

substantia gelatinosa, nucleus proprius, medial motor cell columns

Front 77

levels of the interomediolateral cell column

Back 77

T1 - L3

Front 78

levels for the lateral motor cell column

Back 78

C5 - T1, L2 - S3

Front 79

nucleus that modulates incoming pain impulses

Back 79

substantia gelatinosa

Front 80

nucleus that contains cells that receive incoming sensory impulses and has axons that form ascending tracts

Back 80

nucleus proprius

Front 81

nucleus that forms spinal accessory nerve and supples the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Back 81

spinal accessory nucleus

Front 82

level of the spinal accessory nucleus

Back 82

C1 - C6

Front 83

nucleus that forms the major component of the phrenic nerve

Back 83

phrenic nucleus

Front 84

level of the phrenic nucleus

Back 84

C3 - C5

Front 85

provides the LMN fibers for innervation of upper extremity muscles

Back 85

lateral motor cell column

Front 86

level of the lateral motor cell column

Back 86

C5 - T1

Front 87

provides the LMN fibers fot innervation of the lower extremity muscles

Back 87

lateral motor cell column

Front 88

provides LMN fibers for innervation of trunk muscles

Back 88

medial motor cell column

Front 89

provides preganglionic sumpatheric nerve fibers

Back 89

intermediolateral cell column

Front 90

provides preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers for descending colon, sigmoid colon, and pelvic viscera

Back 90

sacral parasympathetic nerve

Front 91

location of the sensory area of the brain

Back 91

postcentral gyrus

Front 92

location of the motor area of the brain

Back 92

precentral gyrus

Front 93

area where the precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus meet

Back 93

paracentral lobule

Front 94

represents the projection site of sensory info from the periphery to the cortex

Back 94

sensory homunculus

Front 95

represents the origin specific efferent projections

Back 95

motor homunculus

Front 96

area of the thalamus for vision

Back 96

lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

Front 97

area of the thalamus for hearing

Back 97

medial geniculate nucleus

Front 98

area of the thalamus for sensory info from the body

Back 98

ventral posterior lateral (VPL)

Front 99

area of the thalamus for sensory info from the head

Back 99

ventral posterior medial (VPM)

Front 100

area of the thalamus for motor function

Back 100

ventral anterior and ventral lateral

Front 101

spinal cord level for cervical vertebra

Back 101

same level

Front 102

spinal cord level that is plus 1 relative to cord level

Back 102

T1 - T6

Front 103

spinal cord level that is plus 2 relative to the cord level

Back 103

T7 - T10

Front 104

spinal cord level that is lumbar

Back 104

T11 - T12

Front 105

spinal cord level that is sacral

Back 105

L1

Front 106

spinal cord level that contains the lumbar cistern

Back 106

L2 - S2

Front 107

area with subarachnoid space and cauda equina

Back 107

lumbar cistern

Front 108

area with dorsal and ventral roots for pairs L2 to L5, S1 to S5, and coccygeal spinal nerve pair

Back 108

lumbar cistern

Front 109

area used for spinal tap to sample CSF

Back 109

lumbar cistern (below S2)

Front 110

level of the spinal cord that contains preganglionic sympathetic fibers

Back 110

L2 and possibly L3

Front 111

level of the spinal cord that contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

Back 111

S2 - S4

Front 112

area of the spinal cord that contains the fasciculus cuneatus

Back 112

cervical

Front 113

area of the spinal cord that contains the fasciculus gracilis

Back 113

entire cord