2015 Exam

Front 1

2.1
What are the three basic functions of the nervous system?

Back 1

1) Recognize

2) Process and Integrate

3) React

Front 2

2.1

The brain and the spinal cord compose what nervous system?

Back 2

Central Nervous System

Front 3

2.1

What are some functions of the spinal cord in the CNS?

Back 3

1) Controls reflex activity (such as breathing)

2) Controls the flow of sensory information (example: from skin) to the brain

3) Controls motor outflow (example: signals to muscles to move)

They give a 4th one in the notes as "Control Sensory Input" example pain sensations, but I think this is the same as the 2nd one.

Front 4

2.1

What are some functions of the brain in the CNS?

Back 4

1) Receives and processes information

2) Initiates a response

3) Stores memory

3) Generates thoughts and emotions

Front 5

2.1

Name the three main parts of the brain, and give a brief description of their hypothesized role/function.

Back 5

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Front 6

2.2
There are two types of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system. Afferent and efferant. Describe what they are.

Back 6

Afferent nerve fibers control sensory imput, and carry this information to the brain. Efferant nerve fibers carry motor controls from the brain to the tissues.

Front 7

2.2
What is the somatic nervous system? What is the primary neurotransmitter used by motor nerves?

Back 7

Somatic nervous system controls voluntary movement, such as skeletal muscle, and the primary neurotransmitter is acetylcholine.

Front 8

2.2
What is the autonomic nervous system and what are some things it controls? Name the two parts.

Back 8

Overall, this nervous system controls involuntary movements. The two parts are the sympathetic and the parasymapthetic. The sympathetic controls fight or flight responses, where the parasympathetic controls rest and digest.

Front 9

2.2
Why are drugs that STIMULATE the parasympatheyic nervous system dangerous and not widely used?

Back 9

They are dangerous because stimulation of the parasympthathetic nerovus system (which controls heart rate and respiratory passages) can adversely slow heart rate and constrict respiratory passages, which is bad. Very very bad.

Front 10

2.2
What are the two types of receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Back 10

Nicotinic (conducts nerve impuses to postganglionic neuron) and Mucarinic (decrease heart rate, smooth muscle contraction, decreases force of contraction). Both bind Acetylcholine.

Front 11

2.2
The sympathetic nervous system only uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter, but uses multiple receptors on target tissues to create the effects. What are the three types of receptors this nervous system uses?

Back 11

Alpha - predominantly on smooth muscle and cause contraction
Beta1 - On heart and increase heart rate/force of contraction
Beta2 - on Lungs/Bloodvessles/Gastrointentinal tract and cauase relaxation of smooth muscle

Remember - Alpha opposes Beta 2 - opposites.

Front 12

2.2 Drugs
Sympathetic nervous system has Alpha (A) and Beta (B1 and B2) receptors. A receptors directly oppose B2 receptors. Name one drug that interacts with A receptors and one that interacts with B2 receptors.

Back 12

Prazosin (A blockers, ex. in blood vessels)
Propanolol (Blocks B receptors, ex. in heart)

Front 13

2.2
There is only one neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system (acetylcholine) but there are two in the sympathetic nervous system. What are they?

Back 13

Acetylcholine (in the ganglionic neurons) and norepinephrine (which is released by postganglionic neurons and attack the receptors A, B1, B2)

Front 14

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Back 14

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