2012 Neuro Test 1 Clinical

Front 1

invasion of damaged or degenerating area of the CNS by glial cells, particularly astrocytes

Back 1

gliosis

Front 2

process that fills in defects and also impedes regeneration in the CNS

Back 2

gliosis

Front 3

location of spinal tap

Back 3

lumbar cistern

Front 4

caused by damage to the reticulospinal fibers ("central sympathetics")

Back 4

horner's syndrome

Front 5

loss of nerve supply to a muscle that leads to paralysis of that muscle

Back 5

denervation

Front 6

degeneration of the proximal segment of a neuron

Back 6

retrograde degeneration

Front 7

degeneration of the distal segment of a neuron

Back 7

wallerian degeneration

Front 8

during neuronal degeneration, these three things happen to the cell body

Back 8

1. chromatolysis
2. swollen cell body
3. eccentric nucleus

Front 9

during wallerian degeneration, these 3 things happen

Back 9

1. axon fragments
2. proliferation of schwann cells
3. myelin beads

Front 10

leads to non-recovery of an axon

Back 10

neuroma

Front 11

rate for axonal regeneration

Back 11

1.5 mm/day

Front 12

damage to the corticospinal fibers below decussation site

Back 12

ipsilateral paralysis

Front 13

damage to corticospinal fibers above the decussation site

Back 13

contralateral paralysis

Front 14

lesion of this motor neuron causes fibrillation potentials

Back 14

lower motor neuron

Front 15

lesion of this motor neuron causes flaccid muscle paralysis

Back 15

lower motor neuron

Front 16

lesion of this motor neuron causes rapid, neurogenic muscle atrophy (denervation atrophy)

Back 16

lower motor neuron

Front 17

lesion of this motor neuron causes loss or diminished deep tendon reflexes

Back 17

lower motor neuron

Front 18

lesion of this motor neuron causes decreased muscle tone

Back 18

lower motor neuron

Front 19

lesion of this motor neuron causes no fibrillation potentials

Back 19

upper motor neuron

Front 20

lesion of this motor neuron causes spastic muscle paralysis

Back 20

upper motor neuron

Front 21

lesion of this motor neuron causes slow disuse atrophy

Back 21

upper motor neuron

Front 22

lesion of this motor neuron causes increased or exaggerated deep tendon reflex

Back 22

upper motor neuron

Front 23

lesion of this motor neuron causes increased muscle tone

Back 23

upper motor neuron

Front 24

lesion of this motor neuron causes loss of superficial reflexes (abdominal and cremasteric)

Back 24

upper motor neuron

Front 25

lesion of this motor neuron causes positive babniski and hoffman's sign

Back 25

upper motor neuron

Front 26

lesion of this motor neuron causes quadriplegia, hemiplegia, or paraplegia

Back 26

upper motor neuron

Front 27

nerve tested for biceps reflex

Back 27

musculocutaneous (C5, C6)

Front 28

nerve tested for triceps reflex

Back 28

radial (C7)

Front 29

nerve tested for achilles reflex

Back 29

tibial branch of sciatic (S1)

Front 30

nerve tested for patellar reflex

Back 30

femoral (L3, L4)

Front 31

damage to epicritic pathway below the decussation

Back 31

ipsilateral

Front 32

damage to the epicritic pathway above the decussation

Back 32

contralateral

Front 33

lesion of the lateral spinothalamic tract on one side

Back 33

anterolateral cordotomy

Front 34

results in loss of pain and temperature from the contralateral side

Back 34

anterolateral cordotomy

Front 35

spinal cord hemisection of T10

Back 35

brown-sequard syndrome

Front 36

central cavitation of the cord, compressed crossing fibers in the anterior white commissure

Back 36

syringomyelia

Front 37

dorsal column disease, results in bilateral loss of epicritic sensations

Back 37

tabes dorsalis

Front 38

inflammatory viral infection, primarily destroys LMNs in the ventral horn

Back 38

poliomyelitis

Front 39

involves both LMNs and UMNs (corticospinal tracts), also called lou gehrig's

Back 39

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Front 40

damages ventral two thirds of spinal cord, usually spares the dorsal columns and horns

Back 40

anterior spinal artery occlusion

Front 41

formation of lesions of dehydration or plaques in the white matter of the CNS

Back 41

multiple sclerosis

Front 42

damage to CN XII and pyramids causing ipsilateral LMN findings and contralateral UMN findings

Back 42

medial medullary syndrome

Front 43

alternating hypoglossal hemiplegia

Back 43

medial medullary syndrome

Front 44

wallenberg's syndrome

Back 44

lateral medullary syndrome

Front 45

PICA syndrome

Back 45

lateral medullary syndrome

Front 46

damage to CN X, spinal tract of V, reticulospinal tract, and spinothalamic tracts

Back 46

lateral medullary syndrome

Front 47

afferent limb of the carotid sinus and gag reflexes

Back 47

CN IX

Front 48

efferent limb of the carotid sinus and gag reflexes

Back 48

CN X