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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In lipids how many carbon chains or longer is not water soluble?
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12
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How many C's in palmitic acid?
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16
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How many C's in stearic acid?
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16
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How many C's in oleic acid?
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18
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What do lipases in stomach and mouth target?
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<12 C fatty acids
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What is TAG (triacylglycerol) composed of?
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2 fatty acids, 2-monoacylglycerol
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What is rate limiting enzyme in fatty acid synthesis, acetyl-CoA -> Malonyl CoA?
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ACC (acetyl CoA carboxylase)
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What are the two ketone bodies can is produced by liver and can be used by muscle?
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Acetoacetate, 3-Hydroxybutyrate
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What activates CO2 binding to biotin in gluconeogenesis?
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Acetyl CoA
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What tissue has LPL with high Km, for uptake at high levels?
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Adipose
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What are the two muscle short cuts to glycogenolysis?
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AMP, Ca2+
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In fatty acid synthesis what is a low ATP signaler ?
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AMPK
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What is HDL surface marker?
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Apo A-1
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What is VLDL and LDL surface marker?
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Apo B-100
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What is Chylomicron surface marker, CM born with it?
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Apo B-48
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What in signature apolipoproteins important for synthesis regulation?
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Apolipoprotein B
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What surface protein does adipose tissue look for on Chylomicrons?
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Apolipoprotein C
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What surface protein does liver look for on Chylomicrons?
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Apolipoprotein E
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Important precursor to prostaglandins?
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Arachidonic acid
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What pathway is important in fasting to drive ATP synthesis?
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Beta-oxidation
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In what form is cholesterol secreted from body?
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Bile
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What is the active transport enzyme in Carnitine Shuttle?
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Carnitine palmitoyl transferase I,II
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What sets rate of beta-oxidation of fatty acids during fasting and overcomes transport of fatty acyl CoA transport from cytosol to Mito matrix?
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Carnitine Shuttle
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Synthesis of compounds from Kerbs cycle intermediates?
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Cataplerosis
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What enzyme transfers CE from HDL to VLDL particles, and TAG into HDL from VLDL?
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CETP (Cholesteryl ester transfer protein)
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What carries out cholesteryl ester degradation?
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Cholesteryl esterase
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What is made once lipid products are in the intestinal cell and resynthesized to allow transport to the lymphatic system?
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Chylomicron
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How is acetyl-CoA (to be used for lipid synthesis) transported from Mitchondra matrix to cytosol?
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Citrate
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What is RQ?
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CO2 produced / O2 consumed
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What are the two functions of HDLs?
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Convert cholesterol to cholesteryl ester, act as reservoir for Apo C, E
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What enyzme is nonfunctional in Gaucher disease?
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Degradation Beta-Glucosidase
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What are three types of phospholipid backbone?
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Diacylglycerol, Sphingosine, Glycosphingolipids
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What are the primary products of lipid digestion?
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Fatty acids, 2-monoacylglyerol, cholesterol
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How are free fatty acids transfered from adipose tissue
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fatty acyl CoA, Lipoprotein
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What enzyme bypasses PFK-1 in gluconeogenesis?
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Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase
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Lack of fructokinase?
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Fructosuria
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Lack of Galactose 1-P Uridyltransferase?
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Galactosemia
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What are the two ways HMG CoA reductase is regulated in cholesterol synthesis?
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gene transcription control, deactivation by phosphorylation
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What accumulates within cells in patients with Gaucher disease?
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Glucocerebroside (glycosphingolipid)
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What is major cataplerotic pathway in fasting state?
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gluconeogenesis
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What signal is exclusive to liver to down regulate glycogenolysis?
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Glucose (along with ATP and G6-P)
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What enzyme bypasses glucokinase in gluconeogenesis?
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Glucose 6-Phosphatase
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What enzyme converts G6-P to Glucose (opposite of hexokinase)?
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Glucose 6-Phosphatase
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What is main enzyem in Glycogenolysis and reverse of Glycogen Synthase?
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Glycogen phosphorylase
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In glycogenolysis what does AMP activate?
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Glycogen phosphorylase
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In glycogenolysis what does Ca2+ activate?
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glycogen phosphorylase kinase
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What is glycogenesis enzyme that joines UDP-glucose + glycogenin?
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Glycogen Synthase
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What tissue has LPL with low Km, for uptake at low levels?
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Heart
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Lack of aldolase?
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Hereditary Fructose intolerance
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In fructose metabolism what enzyme activates if level super high?
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Hexokinase
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What is important 6 Carbon molecule in cholesterol synthesis?
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HMG CoA
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What is rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis?
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HMG CoA reductase
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Fasting activates what in Adipose tissue to allow secretion of fatty acids and glycerol?
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Hormone Sensitive Lipase
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Where does Glucose 6-phosphatase do coversions?
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In ER
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What signals CNS concerning adipose mass size?
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Leptin
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What are the two essential fatty acids, with 2 or 3 double bonds?
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Linoleic, a-linolenic acid
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Where can glucagon work?
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liver
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What degrades free floating VLDL?
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LPL (lipoprotein lipase)
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Where does chylomicron go first?
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Lymphatic system
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Glycogen phosphorylase deficiency
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McArdle Syndrome
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What needs to be formed from lipid products to allow absorption into intestinal cells?
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Mixed micelle
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Where can epinephrine work?
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muscle, liver
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What carries out Triacylglycerol degradation?
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pancreatic lipase
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What interconverts between G1-P and G6-P?
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phosphoglucomutase
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What enzyme bypasses pyruvate kinase in gluconeogenesis?
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pyruvate carboxylase, PEP-carboxykinase
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What enzyme is nonfunctional in Neimman Pick Disease?
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Sphingomyelinase
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What is responsible for transcription control signaling of HMG CoA reductase in cholesterol synthesis?
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SREBP
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In gluconeogenesis how does oxaloacetate leave mito to go into cytosol?
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Turning into Malate
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In what form is cholesterol secreted from liver?
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VLDL
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