2011 Pope County 4-H General Livestock Project Bowl Reproduction All Species

Front 1

Estrus

Back 1

The part of the estrous cycle when a female may be successfully bred.

Front 2

Gestation

Back 2

The period of time from when the sperm fertilizes the egg or the female conceives until birth.

Front 3

What does AI stand for?

Back 3

Artificial Insemination

Front 4

What is AI?

Back 4

Placing the semen into a female's reproductive tract using an artificial method.

Front 5

Estrous Cycle

Back 5

The reproductive cycle of the female that prepares an egg for fertilization.

Front 6

Afterbirth

Back 6

The expelled placenta after the birthing process.

Front 7

Placenta

Back 7

The membrane in which the fetus develops and through which it receives nourishment.

Front 8

Cervix

Back 8

The neck of the uterus. It serves as a passageway for the sperm at breeding time and for the baby as it is born.

Front 9

Conception

Back 9

The time when the male sperm fertilizes the female egg.

Front 10

Embyro

Back 10

A term for the fertilized egg during the early part of the pregnancy. This term is used until the development of body parts.

Front 11

Embryo Transfer

Back 11

Surgically removing fertilized eggs from a donor and placing them in a recipient.

Front 12

Estrogen

Back 12

A hormone that brings a female into heat and prepares her for breeding.

Front 13

Heat

Back 13

The part of the estrous cycle when a female may be successfully bred. Also known at estrus.

Front 14

Estrus Synchronization

Back 14

A technique using hormones to bring a group of females in heat at the same time, to breed all of them within a short period of time.

Front 15

Heat Synchronization

Back 15

A technique using hormones to bring a group of females in heat at the same time, to breed all of them within a short period of time.

Front 16

Fertility

Back 16

The description of how productive a breeding animal will be in terms of reproductive abilities.

Front 17

Fertilization

Back 17

When the egg from the female and the sperm from the male join and begin to form an embryo.

Front 18

Hormone

Back 18

A body-regulating chemical secreted by a gland into the blood stream.

Front 19

Open

Back 19

A female that is not pregnant.

Front 20

Ovary

Back 20

The female organ that produces eggs. There are two ovaries in the reproductive tract.

Front 21

Ovulation

Back 21

The time when the egg is released from the ovary.

Front 22

Progesterone

Back 22

A female hormone that maintains pregnancy in the female.

Front 23

Prostaglandin

Back 23

A compound that is naturally produced in the reproductive system. It is commercially produced and used to synchronize estrus.

Front 24

Semen

Back 24

Sperm mixed with the fluids from the accessory glands of the male.

Front 25

Sperm

Back 25

The male sex cells produced in the testicles.

Front 26

Standing Heat

Back 26

The window of time during estrus (heat) when a female is receptive to mating.

Front 27

Superovulation

Back 27

The process of treating a female with hormones to cause her to release several eggs from an ovary at one time. The eggs are then fertilized and later removed and placed into recipient cows (called embryo transfer).

Front 28

Uterus

Back 28

The female reproductive organ where the embryo develops during pregnancy. During labor the uterus contracts to force the baby out of the birth canal.

Front 29

Vulva

Back 29

The external opening to the female's reproductive system.

Front 30

Cervix

Back 30

The entrance into the uterus. Protects the uterus from infection.

Front 31

What steps occur between Estrus and Parturition?

Back 31

1) Estrus
2) Fertilization
3) Gestation (embryo then fetus)
4) Labor or Parturition

Front 32

Abortion

Back 32

Premature expulsion of the fetus

Front 33

Fertility

Back 33

The degree of success or failure to reproduce

Front 34

Gonad

Back 34

Germ cell producing tissue - an ovary or testis

Front 35

Ovulation

Back 35

Release of mature egg from the follicle of an ovary

Front 36

Prolific

Back 36

Reproducing regularly and numerously

Front 37

Puberty

Back 37

Period in growth and development during which the reproductive system acquires mature form and function.

Front 38

What is the length of gestation for cattle?

Back 38

283 days

Front 39

What is the length of the estrus cycle in cattle?

Back 39

18-21 days

Front 40

What is the length of gestation for sheep?

Back 40

143-152 days
Average of 148 days

Front 41

What is the length of the estrus cycle for sheep?

Back 41

14-19 days
Average of 16.5 days

Front 42

What is the length of estrus for sheep?

Back 42

30-35 hours

Front 43

What is the length of estrus in cattle?

Back 43

24-36 hours

Front 44

What is the length of gestation for goats?

Back 44

148-152 days
5 months

Front 45

What is the length of the estrus cycle in goats?

Back 45

21 days

Front 46

What is the length of estrus in goats?

Back 46

24-36 hours

Front 47

This hormone causes estrus

Back 47

Estrogen

Front 48

This hormone quiets the reproductive tract and is necessary for maintaining pregnancy

Back 48

Progesterone

Front 49

The hormone causes ovulation and the formation of a corpus luteum.

Back 49

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Front 50

This hormone stimulates the development of ovarian follicles.

Back 50

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Front 51

This hormone restarts the estrous cycle by destroying the corpus luteum.

Back 51

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Front 52

This hormone stimulates contraction of muscles of the mammary gland and uterus, causing milk let-down and aiding in the birthing process.

Back 52

Oxytocin

Front 53

This hormone stimulates the release of GnRH.

Back 53

Melatonin

Front 54

How long is estrus in gilts?

Back 54

averages 50-60 hours

Front 55

How long is gestation in gilts?

Back 55

114 days or
3 months, 3 weeks, and 3 days