2011 Kidney Meuti Part 4

Front 1

Kidney lie

Back 1

in the posterior abdominal region and lateral to veterbral columns

Front 2

Kidney extend from

Back 2

T12 to L3

Front 3

Each kidney weighs about

size

Back 3

150 grams

clenched fist

Front 4

Hilum

Back 4

On the medial side of the kidney
Where renal vessels, lymphatics and nerves enter and leave the kidney

Front 5

Cortex
3 points

Back 5

Outer layer of kidney
Completely surrounds the renal medulla (inner layer)
Extensions of the cortex extend into the medulla (called Renal Columns)
Divides the medulla into triangular shaped tissue called Renal Pyramids

Front 6

Renal Columns

Back 6

Extensions of the cortex extend into the medulla

Front 7

Renal Pyramids

Back 7

triangular shaped tissue in medulla

Front 8

Cortex appearance

Back 8

Granular appearance
Contains all the glomerular components of the nephron
Glomeruli, Proximal Tubules and Distal Tubules

Front 9

Inner layer of Kidney

Back 9

Medulla

Front 10

renal pyramids

Back 10

Triangular shaped structures with striated appearance
Reflective of tubular components of Nephrons (Loop of Henle, Collecting Ducts)

Front 11

Kidney has about ______ pyramids

Back 11

8

Front 12

most vulnerable to ischemia

Back 12

Inner stripe of the outer medulla is the

Front 13

Renal Pyramids appearance

Back 13

are striated

Front 14

Renal Pyramids Contain 2

Back 14

Loop of Henle and Collecting Ducts

Front 15

Renal Pyramids Apex

Back 15

known as Papilla
composed of collecting ducts

Front 16

Papilla empty into

Back 16

Minor Calyx

Front 17

Minor Calyx empties into

Back 17

Major Calyx

Front 18

Major Calyx come together to form

Back 18

the renal pelvis

Front 19

Major reservoir for urine

Back 19

the renal pelvis

Front 20

Renal pelvis forms

Back 20

ureter

Front 21

The walls of the renal calyces, pelvis, ureters, and bladder contain

Back 21

smooth muscles which contracts rhythmically to help propel urine along by peristalsis

Front 22

Renal Vasculature and Lymphatics
Blood flow:

Back 22

21% Cardiac output
1200 ml/minute

Front 23

Renal Artery
4 points

Back 23

Single
Lateral branch of the Abdominal Aorta
Arises between L1 and L2
Each renal artery enters through the hilum

Front 24

Each renal artery enters through the

Back 24

hilum

Front 25

Afferent arterioles

Back 25

lead to glomerular capillaries

Front 26

efferent arteriole

Back 26

Distal ends of capillaries come together to form the

Front 27

2 capillary beds

Back 27

Glomerular
Hydrostatic pressure 60 mmHg- leads to rapid fluid filtration
Peritubular
Hydrostatic pressure 13 mmHg- permits rapid fluid reabsorption
Lies in renal cortex alongside the proximal tubules, distal tubules and cortical collecting ducts

Front 28

Glomerular capillary beds

Back 28

Hydrostatic pressure 60 mmHg- leads to rapid fluid filtration

Front 29

Peritubular capillary beds

Back 29

Hydrostatic pressure 13 mmHg- permits rapid fluid reabsorption
Lies in renal cortex alongside the proximal tubules, distal tubules and cortical collecting ducts

Front 30

Vasa Recta-

Back 30

specialized peritubular capillaries

Front 31

Vasa Recta- specialized peritubular capillaries

5 points

Back 31

Hair pin shaped capillaries of the long loops of Henle of the juxtamedullary nephrons

Long branching capillary loops from the deeper portions of the peritubular network

Extend downward into the medulla to lie side by side with the juxtaglomerular loops of henle

Loop back toward cortex and empty into cortical veins

Important in countercurrent mechanism

Front 32

Accessory renal arteries are common

Back 32

Can enter the kidney through hilum or directly into kidney at another level

Front 33

Renal veins

Back 33

Multiple veins come together to form right/left renal veins

Anterior to the arteries

Front 34

Lymphatics
Drainage

Back 34

into lateral aortic nodes around the renal artery

Front 35

Basic Function of the Kidney

Back 35

Maintain homeostasis in the body

Front 36

Maintain homeostasis in the body
through 4 parts

Back 36

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Excretion

Front 37

Nephron
Basic Information
3 points

Back 37

Functional Unit of the Kidney
Humans have ~1,000,000
Each capable of making urine

Front 38

Nephron 2 types

Back 38

Cortical

Juxtamedullary

Front 39

Cortical
% of all nephrons

Back 39

85

Front 40

Cortical nephron
Located

Back 40

almost entirely within the cortex except for a small portion of the Loop of Henle extending into the medulla

Front 41

Performs bulk of renal regulatory, excretory and secretory functions

Back 41

Cortical nephron

Front 42

contain Short loop of Henle

Back 42

Cortical nephron

Front 43

Cortical Glomeruli lie

Back 43

close to the surface of the kidney

Front 44

Juxtamedullary
Contain glomeruli which lie

Back 44

adjacent to the cortical-medullary interface and tubular systems

Front 45

Juxtamedullary
Glomeruli are located

Back 45

deep in cortex

Front 46

Juxtamedullary
Loop of Henli

Back 46

Extended Loop of Henli

Front 47

Juxtamedullary
Primary function:

Back 47

Primary function: establish and maintain the osmolality of the medullary interstitium

Creates osmotic gradients necessary for urine concentration

Front 48

Vascular component of the Nephron

Back 48

Glomerulus

Front 49

Glomerulus
Located in

Back 49

in the cortex

Front 50

Glomerulus
Surrounded by

Back 50

Bowman’s capsule