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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cranial Nomenclature
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-Cranial mechanics is referenced to motion occurring at the sphenobasilar synchondrosis (SBS).
-The SBS forms a shallow angle opening caudally |
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SBS Flexion
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In SBS flexion, the basiocciput and the body of the sphenoid move in a cephalad direction while the occipital squama and wings of the sphenoid move caudally
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SBS Extension
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In SBS extension, the basiocciput and the body of the sphenoid move in a caudad direction while the occipital squama and wings of the sphenoid move cephalically .
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Midline Unpaired bones
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-All midline bones are described as moving in Flexion and Extension, regardless of the direction in which they move.
-The nomenclature is derived from what is happening at the SBS |
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Motion of Paired Bones
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All paired bones (temporals, parietals, etc.) are described as moving in internal and external rotation.
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External Rotation
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External Rotation occurs synchronously with SBS Flexion
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Internal Rotation
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Internal Rotation occurs synchronously with SBS Extension
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Over All Head Shape
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-During Flexion, the apex of the skull lowers, and the skull elongates and widens
-During Extension, the apex of the skull rises, and the skull shortens and narrows |
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What sesame street character's over-all--head-shape is the archetype for the overhead shape of flexion?
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Ernie
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What sesame street character's head is the archetype for the over-all-head shape for extension?
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Bert.
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What are cranial base patterns?
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Patterns of cranial base movement that are substituted for flexion & extension
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What are the causes of cranial base patterns?
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Have many causes
-Head Trauma -Dental Procedures -Birth Forces -Intrauterine Molding -Larger Postural Abnormalities (Scoliosis) -Pull of Muscles attached to the Cranial Base Bones |
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What are some of the cranial base patterns?
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-SBS Torsions
-SBS Sidebending Rotation -SBS Lateral Strains -SBS Vertical Strains -SBS Compression |
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Describe the cranial base pattern known as SBS Torsion.
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The Occiput and Sphenoid Rotate in opposite directions about an AP Axis
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How are SBS Torsions named?
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SBS Torsions are named for the side of the high wing of the sphenoid.
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What are the results of an SBS Torsion?
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-This twisting results in internal rotation of the temporal bone on the side of the high wing of the sphenoid
-And external rotation of the temporal bone on the side of the lower wing |
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Describe an SBS Sidebending Rotation.
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The occiput and sphenoid rotate in opposite directions about parallel vertical axes to create sidebending
They both rotate to the same side about an AP axis to create rotation |
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How is a SBS Sidebending Rotation Named?
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This SBS dysfunction is named for the “open” side of the SBS (Note this opposite other OMT nomenclature.)
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Give an example of movement in a SBS Sidebending Rotation...
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The left temporal bone internally rotates flattening that side of the skull
The right temporal bone externally rotates causing that side of the skull to bulge |
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Describe SBS Lateral Strains.
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The occiput and sphenoid rotate in the same direction about parallel vertical axes. A SBS lateral strain is a lateral displacement between the occiput and the sphenoid.
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How are SBS Lateral Strains named?
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SBS Lateral Strains are named for the direction the sphenoid has moved.
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Describe SBS Vertical Strain.
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The occiput and sphenoid rotate in the same direction about parallel coronally oriented axes. In a SBS Vertical Strain, there is a vertical displacement of the occiput and sphenoid bones.
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How are SBS Vertical Strains named?
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SBS Vertical Strains are named for the direction the sphenoid has moved
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Describe SBS Compression.
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Created by a traumatic AP compressive force
Result is a very stiff head |
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What is the result of SBS Compression in the AP axis?
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A very stiff head.
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What are the coexistance cranial base patterns with a SBS Compression
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May accompany any other SBS pattern
-Flexion or Extension with Compression -Torsion with Compression…….. |
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What is plagiocephaly?
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A crooked Head
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What do you see in an individual with plagiocephaly?
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This description is of a person with a right SBS Torsion (parallelogram) head.
Orbits -Wide Right -Narrow Left -Sphenoid Wing -High Right -Low Left Ears -Prominent Left -Flattened Right -Temporal Bones -Internally Rotated Right -Externally Rotated Left |
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What is scaphiocephaly?
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Transverse Compression of the Head
-Can be result of forceful forceps delivery -Head is long and narrow with ridging of the sagittal and metopic sutures |
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What is the metopic suture
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-Suture between frontal bones
Ossifies about 6 years of age -About 10% persist throughout life -In children and 10% of adults frontal bones behave like a paired bone -In 90% of adults, the frontal bone behaves more like a midline structure |
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Quadrilateral Head
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Quadrilateral Head
Caused by a lateral SBS strain pattern Looks like a parallelogram when viewed from above |
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Oxycephaly –
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Oxycephaly –
same as scaphocephaly but with anterior-posterior compression not lateral compression |
