Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Axial skeleton
|
bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
|
|
|
Appendicular skeleton
|
bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder, and hip
|
|
|
Long bones
|
longer than they are wide (e.g., humerus)
|
|
|
Short bones
|
Cube-shaped bones of the wrist and ankle
Bones that form within tendons (e.g., patella) |
|
|
Flat bones
|
thin, flattened, and a bit curved (e.g., sternum, and most skull bones)
|
|
|
Irregular bones
|
bones with complicated shapes (e.g., vertebrae and hip bones)
|
|
|
Function of Bones
|
Support
Protection Movement Mineral storage Blood cell formation |
|
|
Hyaline Cartilage
|
Articulate Surfaces
|
|
|
Elastic Cartilage
|
Ear
Epiglottis |
|
|
Fibrocartilage Cartilage
|
Spine
Knees Pubic Symphysis |
|
|
Cartilage Growth
|
Mitosis
Appositional (outside) Interstitial (inside) |
|
|
Tuberosity
|
Large rounded, may be rough
Muscle & Ligament attach |
|
|
Crest
|
narrow ridge - prominent
Muscle & Ligament attach |
|
|
Trochanter
|
large, blunt, irregular - FEMUR
Muscle & Ligament attach |
|
|
Line
|
narrow ridge
Muscle & Ligament attach |
|
|
Tubercle
|
small rounded
Muscle & Ligament attach |
|
|
Spine
|
Sharp slender projections
Muscle & Ligament attach |
|
|
Process
|
Any bony prominence
Muscle & Ligament attach |
|
|
Head
|
carried on narrow neck
Help form Joints |
|
|
Facet
|
smooth, flat articular surface
Help form Joints |
|
|
Condyle
|
rounded articular projection
Help form Joints |
|
|
Ramus
|
armlike bar of bone (I-beam)
Help form Joints |
|
|
Meatus
|
Canal-like passageway
Depressions & Openings for blood vessels & nerves |
|
|
Sinus
|
Cavity in bone filled with air, lined with mucous membrane
Depressions & Openings for blood vessels & nerves |
|
|
Fossa
|
Shallow basin like depression - often articular surface
Depressions & Openings for blood vessels & nerves |
|
|
Groove
|
Furrow
Depressions & Openings for blood vessels & nerves |
|
|
Fissue
|
narrow, slite-like opening
Depressions & Openings for blood vessels & nerves |
|
|
Foramen
|
Round or oval opening
Depressions & Openings for blood vessels & nerves |
|
|
Epiphysis
|
Proximal & Distal ends of long bone.
Articular cartilage, compact bone, spongy bone. |
|
|
Diaphysis
|
middle of long bone
|
|
|
Epiphseal plate
|
growth
|
|
|
Spongy Bone
|
red marrow
|
|
|
Medullary cavity
|
yellow marrow
|
|
|
periostium
|
outer membrane
|
|
|
sharpey's fibers
|
attached perioustium
|
|
|
endosteum
|
inner membrane
|
|
|
flat bone
|
red marrow
|
|
|
diploe
|
spongy bone
|
|
|
Epiphysis
|
Proximal & Distal ends of long bone.
Articular cartilage, compact bone, spongy bone. |
|
|
Diaphysis
|
middle of long bone
|
|
|
Epiphseal plate
|
growth
|
|
|
Spongy Bone
|
red marrow
|
|
|
Medullary cavity
|
marrow
flat bone = red diaphysis of long bone = yellow (fatty) (adipose) |
|
|
dipole
|
spongy bone
red marrow |
|
|
lamelle
|
layers of ostenon, circumferential, intersitial.
twisting collogene fibers in opposite directions |
|
|
central canal
|
Haversian
center of osteon blood vessels, nerves |
|
|
osteocytes
|
mature bone cells, reside in lacuna between lamelle
|
|
|
canaliculus
|
small channels between lamelle
|
|
|
trabeculae
|
strut or thin plate of spongy bone
|
|
|
perforating canals
|
Volkmann's
|
|
|
osteoblast
|
bone-forming cells
|
|
|
Osteocytes
|
mature bone cells
|
|
|
Osteoclasts
|
large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix
multi-nucleated |
|
|
Osteoid
|
unmineralized bone matrix composed of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and collagen
|
|
|
Intramembranous Ossification
|
mesenchymal cells
collegen framework osteoblasts - osteoids, ossification center |
|
|
ossification zone
|
new bone formation
|
|
|
calcification zone
|
matrix calcifies, chondrocytes die
|
|
|
hypertrophic zone
|
older cartilage cells enlarge
|
|
|
growth/proliferation zone
|
cartilage mitosis
|
|
|
resting/quiescent zone
|
bone
|
|
|
PTH
|
para-thyriod hormone
osteoclasts release Ca2+ from bone |
|
|
calcitronin
|
thyroid
Ca salts redeposited osteocytes & blasts |
|
|
breaks
|
breaks
|
|
|
rickets
|
lack vit-d
|
|
|
osteomalacia
|
soft bone, poor mineralization
|
|
|
osteoporosis
|
women, hormone
|
|
|
paget's
|
excess & hapahazard bone formation and resorption
|
