2008 Fall Rehab Medical Emergencies

Front 1

General procedures in a medical emergency:

Back 1

1. Determine victim's consciousness "Are you OK?"
2. Check if Airway is open, breathing and circulation. Begin CPR
3. Close any wounds in thorax
4. Stop any hemorrhaging and call for help

Front 2

A person experiencing a medical emergency should be in this position:

Back 2

reclining or semi-reclining

Front 3

A medical sign has this quality

Back 3

Objective, visible

Front 4

pale, bluish skin that is moist and clammy
increased respirations
weak, rapid pulse
dilated pupils
...are signs of this condition

Back 4

Shock

Front 5

Shock is caused by

Back 5

the heart doesn't pump sufficiently, perhaps due to interal bleeding or excessive blood loss
may also be caused by vasodilation, for example from a bee sting

Front 6

how to manage a situation when someone is in shock

Back 6

- reassure the patient that help is on the way
- do NOT give them fluids
- prop up legs, turn head to the side

Front 7

Causes of stroke include

Back 7

- intracerebral hemorrhage
- cerebral thrombosis
- cerebral embolism
- cardiovascular insufficiency

Front 8

Possible Signs and symptoms of stroke

Back 8

- unconscious
- aphasic
- reduced consciousness
- disorientation x3
- skin pale or flush
- strong but slow pulse
- uneven pupils
- facial
- paresis or hemiparesis
- headache

Front 9

how to manage when someone is having a stroke:

Back 9

- seek medical attention
- maintain open airway
- restore breathing
- keep victim warm and quiet
- reassure patient
- NO LIQUID in the mouth

Front 10

Signs of a heart attach

Back 10

- shortness of breath
- apprehension
- chest pain - sharp, vise-like pressure
- gas or indigestion
- nausea
- sweating
- weakness
- pale skin with cyanosis

Front 11

important to do with a conscious heart attack victim

Back 11

- put patient in comfy position
- keep patient calm
- undo tight clothing
- reassure the patient
- check for meds (nitroglycerin) and administer them
- call for help
- (give oxygen)

Front 12

with unconscious heart attack victem

Back 12

- open airway (A)
- check breathing (B)
- check pulse (C)
call Emergency Medical Services

Front 13

steps to managing external bleeding

Back 13

- Follow ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation)
-- seek help!
- apply direct pressure using a compress and elevate extremity if involved
- when bleeding stops or slows, apply pressure bandage

Front 14

If bleeding doesn;t stop

Back 14

use pressure points in conjunction with direct pressure and elevation

Front 15

Use a tourniquet only in these situations

Back 15

life-threatening situations

Front 16

A tourniquet should be this size

Back 16

2" wide, long enough to wrap the part twice with ends for tying

Front 17

To apply a tourniquet...

Back 17

apply proximally
circle part twice
tie half knot and place stick there
tie two full knots, twist until stick stops
Record time
let medical personnel know there is a tourniquet

Front 18

- coughing blood
- distended abdomin
- shock-like symptoms/signs
are evidence of

Back 18

Internal bleeding

Front 19

Management of Internal Bleeding should resemble management of :

Back 19

Shock

Front 20

DIabetic Ketoacidosis is associated with....____glycemia

Back 20

Hyperglycemia

Front 21

Acidosis is:

Back 21

an accumulation of acid or a depletion of alkaline reserve in the body/blood

Front 22

Ketosis is:

Back 22

An accumulation of ketones in the body

Front 23

Diabetic Ketoacidosis is characterized by

Back 23

hyperglycemia
acidosis
ketosis

Front 24

Diabetic ketoacidosis can be due to

Back 24

neglected insulin injection
improper diet
infection

Front 25

fruity smelling breath, banana-like could be due to:

Back 25

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Front 26

deep and rapid breathing may be due to diabetic....

Back 26

ketoacidosis

Front 27

Some symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis

Back 27

-onset over a few days
- Patient extremely thirsty but not hungry (mouth and tongue dry)
- skin warm red and dry
- may be drowsy -- seeming drunk, disoriented
- frequent urination
- deep and rapid breathing

Front 28

managing ketoacidosis

Back 28

- maintain ABCs
seek immediate medical help
do not give any form of sugar

Front 29

Insulin shock/reaction is caused by ____ glycemia

Back 29

Hypoglycemia

Front 30

causes of too much insulin/insulin shock

Back 30

- too much insulin
- too little food
- over-exercising (burned off too much glucose)

Front 31

managing patient with insulin shock

Back 31

- give food with quick acting sugar
- seek medical attention
- do NOT put hand near mouth

Front 32

when patient passes out as he is standing up

Back 32

sit him back down in the chair

Front 33

if a patient passes out part-way through a transfer:

Back 33

keep moving the patient to the bed/chair

Front 34

if orthostatic hypotension patient passes out --

Back 34

slowly lower her to the ground

Front 35

if you find a patient on the floor

Back 35

- check ABCs
- ask if in pain
- do not move patient (if one leg looks shorter there could be a hip fracture)
- if patient is ok, get help and get pt back to the chair

Front 36

if a diabetic patient goes into insulin shock in a wheelchair,

Back 36

tip back the chair so blood returns to head

Front 37

if a hip fracture patient passes out while amulating,

Back 37

hold them upright until someone can bring a chair

Front 38

in case of seizure, follow these procedures

Back 38

- roll patient to side
- keep fingers out of mouth
- clear the area
- pillow under head if possible
- let seizure take its course

Front 39

3 signs of pulmonary embolism

Back 39

- chest pain
- rapid breathing
- dyspnea

Front 40

what can make someone susceptible to pulmonary embolism?

Back 40

- family history
- recent trauma
- immobilized people like those on airplanes or in hospital beds
- women on birth control