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83 Cards in this Set
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Abs made in absence of t-cells (eg AIDS)
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IgM (need Tcells and ADA for class switching)
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c-reactive protein
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acute-phase reactant: increase during any inflam process
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Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
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usu acquired, various etiologies; recurrent bac infections following decreased Ab levels. a/w other AI conditions, lymphomas
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None
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CVID vs X-linked agammaglobulinemia
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CVID has normal B cell count, XLA has decreased
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HIB Vax structure
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Hemophilus capsular Ags + Diptheria toxoid. Toxoid causes t-cell involvement --> class type switching, memory
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Ab in SLE with prognostic significance
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Anti-dsDNA
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Ab in mixed connective tissue disease
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Anti-RNP
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Ab in myositis/dermatomyositis
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Anti-Jo-1, ANA
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Form of hypersensitivity in urticaria
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Type I (Immediate type hypersensitivity) -- preformed IgE bound to mast cells / basophils --> vasoactive + spasmogenic substance relase
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Warthin-Finkeldey (WF) giant cell
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MEASLES; unlike most giant cells (histiocyte fusion), these are fused lymphocytes -- eosinophilic cytoplasm with nuclear inclusion bodies; found in LN
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CD3
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All T-lymphocytes
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CD20
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B-Cell
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B cell markers
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CD19, CD20, CD21 (EBV receptor)
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EBV Receptor
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CD21
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CD56
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NK Cell marker
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IFN-gamma
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product of TH1 cells, stimulates macrophages
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IFN-alpha
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product of leukocytes, inhibits viral replication; used to tx Hep B, Hep C, Kaposi Sarcoma, and Hairy Cell Leukemia
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IFN-beta
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product of fibroblasts, inhibits viral replication; used to tx MS
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IL-2
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product of TH cells that causes proliferation of other lymphocytes
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TNF-alpha
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product of M0 and NK cells -- cytotoxic for tumor cells, induces cytokine production, causes cachexia
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Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
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XR; (WIPE): recurrent infections, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, eczema; death < 6yo (infection, bleeding); Tx: BMT from HLA-identical sibling
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Immunodeficiency causing recurrent n.meningitis
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deficiency in complement factors C6, C7, C8 (MAC, kills G-)
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C1q deficiency (Sx)
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combined immunodeficiency w/ SLE-like syndrome
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C1rs, C1s, C4, C2 defiencies (Sx)
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SLE-like syndrome + glomerulonephritis
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C3 or C5 deficiency Sx
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pyogenic infection
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B-cell deficiency symptoms
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pyogenic infections
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T-cell deficiency --> what infections?
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opportunisitic (candida, PCP, CMV)
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Macrophage Cell Surface markers
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CD14, c3b receptor, Fc receptor
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NK Cell surface markers
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CD16, MHC I receptor
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Th cell surface markers
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CD3, TCR, CD40L, CD28 (binds B7), CD4
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Anti-histone Ab
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Ab in drug-induced lupus
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Anti-centromere Ab
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Ab in CREST Scleroderma
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Anti-Scl-70 Ab
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Ab in Diffuse Scleroderma
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Anit-Jo-1 Ab
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Ab in polymyositis, dermatomyositis
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Anti-microsomal Ab
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Ab in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
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Anti-mitochondrial Ab
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Ab in Primary Billiary Cirrhosis (PBC)
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HLA B27
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HLA a/w PAIR arthritides (Psoriasis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Reactive Arthritis / Reiter's Syndrome)
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HLA B8
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HLA a/w "Bait with ______ to your grave" = Celiac Sprue, Graves Disease
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HLA DR2 and 4
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HLA a/w Lyme disease polyarthritis
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None
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HLA DR2
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HLA a/w "I DREW (DR2) BUTTERFLIES in MarthaStewart's (MS) HAY PASTURE": SLE, MS, Hay Fever, Goodpasture's
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HLA DR3
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HLA a/w DM I, Sjogren's Syndrome
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HLA DR4
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HLA a/w DM I (+DR3), Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lyme Disease Polyarthritis (+DR2?)
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None
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HLA DR5
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HLA a/w Pernicious Anemia, Hashimoto's (5 Microsomes)
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HLA DR7
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HLA a/w Steroid-Response nephoritic Syndrome
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HLA A3
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HLA a/w Primary Hemochromatosis
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HIB Vax composition
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polyribitol phosphate capsular polysaccharides coupled to protein carrier
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Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
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fever, myalgia, rapid dev of respiratory failure --> death; usu in southwest (Jared-land)
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Role of C5a
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chemo-attractant (PMNs)
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Role of C3b
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opsonization
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HIV Testing: EIA/ELISA
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high sensitivity, checks for anti-HIV Abs; positive result should be followed by confirmatory test (Western, PCR)
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Giardia
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protozoan parasite, exists exclusively within intestinal lumen --> IgA critical for defense
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Ascarsis lumbricoides
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Giant roundworm, eggs in feces, intestinal infection
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Entamoeba Histolytica
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Bloody diarrhea, often followed by liver abscess
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Bacterial causes of hepatic abscesses
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E.Coli, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Staph, Bacteroides, Pseudomonas
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Sausage Digits (Dactylitis)
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Reiter's (germans like sausage) and psoriatic arhtritis
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None
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Microorganisms that can trigger Reiter's Arthritis
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Chlamydia, Yersinia Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter
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Infectious causes of atherosclerosis
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Chlamydia pneumoniae, CMV
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S.Pneumo vs Klebsiella
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Both pulm pathogens, but Klebsiella has greater tendency to progress to abscess and empyema
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Pseudomonas vs Klebsiella
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Both cause bilateral bronchopneumo; Klebsiella has cavitary lesions
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None
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Lobar pneumo
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S.pneumo: consolidation, intra-alveolar exudate
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Bronchopneumonia
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S.aureus, H.flu, Klebsiella, S.pyogenes: acute inflam infiltrates from bronchiles into adjacent alveoli
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Interstitial (atypical) pneumonia
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Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Viral, Legionella: Diffuse patchy interstitial inflammation
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Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
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the Enterobus takign the females to lay their eggs in the perianal region -- if the bus tire gets popped by a pin(worm), use scotch tape (test)
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Cysticerci (cysts in the brain)
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consequence of Taenia Solium (tapeworm); also affects heart, skel muscle, and skin
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Theophylline
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inhbits PDE --> increases cAMP levels --> inhibiting mast cell degranulation
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Type of hypersensitivity in Rheumatic Fever
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Type II (Anti-Strep Abs cross-reacting against connective tissue)
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Most common agents used to tx. Traveller's diarrhea
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Fluroquinolones (good against ETEC, Shigella, C.jejuni) in adults, TMP-SMX in kids
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northern blot
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rna
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southern blot
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dna
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western blots
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proteins
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defect in marfan's
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fibrillin (component of elastic-associated microfibrils)
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I cell disease
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defect in mannose phosphorylation (occurs in golgi) --> lysosomal enzomes exocytosed --> physical deformities, psychomotor and growth retardation, cardiorespiratory failure --> death < 10yo
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CK- {MB, MM, BB}
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Creatine Kinase {cardiac, skeletal muscle, brain}
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Aminoacidopathies, general Sx
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Present after few days of life with: feeding difficulties, lethargy, seizures, liver disease, renal disease, and coma; urine often has characteristic odor
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Carbohydrate Metabolism Defects: general sx
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Present w/ hypoglycemia, hepatosplenomegaly, lactic acidosis, or ketoacidosis
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FA oxidation defect: general sx
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hypoketotic hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, cardiomyopathy
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Organic acidemias: general sx
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metabolic acidosis w/ ketosis, elevated lactate, mild-moderate hyperammonemia, vom, encephalopathy, neutro/thrombocytopenia
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Urea cycle defects: general sx
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hyperammonemia, respiratory alkalosis
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Vit E deficiency
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hyporeflexia, distal muscle weakness, ataxia, decreased vibratory sens / proprioception, night blindness
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serine protease functions
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cleave proteins at serine residue; e.g. trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, thrombin, plasminogen, cathepsin G, elastase;
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Maternal PKU
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teratogen, crosses placenta --> MR, birth defects
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CF Delta508 mutation effects on protein
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interferes with proper protein folding
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Molec defect in familial hypercholesterolemia
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ApoB-100 Receptor
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