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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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____ have no direct effect on a blood clot that has already formed.
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Anticoagulants
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Anticoagulants are used prophylactically to prevent
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clot formation (thrombus) or an embolus (dislodged clot).
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____ is the process that halts bleeding after injury to a blood vessel.
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Hemastasis
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2 types of anticoagulants are
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warfarin (coumadin) and heparin
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Warfarin (Coumadin) is given ____.
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orally
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If toxicity occurs while a pt is taking warfarin, ____ can be given.
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vitamin K
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Warfarin (Coumadin) therapy is monitored by ____ and _____.
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PT and INR
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The full therapeutic effect of warfarin (coumadin) takes ____.
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several days
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Heparin therapy is monitored by _____.
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PTT
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Heparin is given ____ or ____.
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IV or SC
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Effects of heparin can be reversed by _______.
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protamine sulfate.
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Nsg implications for a pt taking heparin are:
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-IV doses checked by 2 RNs
-ensure SC doses are given SC -SC doses usually given in ABD -rotate sites don't give SC doses within 2 inches of umbilicus, ABD incisions, open wounds, scars, drainage tubes, stoma -don't aspirate SC injection or massage injection site |
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When a pt is taking heparin, lab values are drawn ____.
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daily
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____ is a low molecular weight heparin that has a more predictable anticoagulant response and therefore is the anticoagulant of choice in hospitals.
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enoxaparin (Lovenox)
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enoxaparin is given ____.
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SC
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Anticoagulants prevent clot formation and can also prevent
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-stroke
-MI -DVT -pulmonary embolism |
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Adverse effects of anticoagulants include:
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-bleeding
-NV -abdominal cramps -thrombocytopenia |
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Patient teaching for anticoagulants includes:
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-importance of regular lab testing
-signs of abnormal bleeding -measures to prevent bruising, bleeding, tissue injury -wear med alert bracelet -avoid foods high in vitamin K -consult HCP before taking other meds -use soft toothbrush -avoid constipation -use electric razor |
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Nursing implications for pt taking coagulation modifier drugs include:
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-monitor for therapeutic effects
-monitor for signs of excessive bleeding -monitor BP, hematoma formation , h/a |
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Signs of excessive bleeding include:
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bleeding gums, nosebleeds, heavier than normal menses, bloody/tarry stools, bloody urine/sputum, abdominal pain, vomiting blood
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