2000- Test 1 Assessing Cardiac Disorders

Front 1

2/3 of the heart is ____ of the sternum.

Back 1

left

Front 2

There are 3 layers of the heart. The ____ is the outermost layer. The ___ is the middle layer. The ____ is the innermost layer.

Back 2

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Front 3

The _____ is the thickest layer of the heart and is responsible for contraction.

Back 3

myocardium

Front 4

____ are the stringy, white looking structures that anchor the AV valves and make sure they open and close properly.

Back 4

Chordae Tendineae

Front 5

There are 4 heart valves. The AV valves are the ____ and ____. The semilunar valves are the _____ and _____.

Back 5

Tricuspid and mitral
Aortic and pulmonic

Front 6

Blood flow from the body and through the heart is...

Back 6

SVC/IVC-->R. atrium--> tricuspid valve-->R. ventricle--> pulmonic valve--> pulmonary artery--> lungs--> pulmonic vein--> L. atrium--> mitral valve--> L. ventricle--> Aortic valve--> Aorta--> body

Front 7

Coronary arteries arise off the base of the _____.

Back 7

aorta

Front 8

The ____ deliver oxygen to the heart.

Back 8

right and left coronary arteries

Front 9

_____ deliver blood to the coronary sinus and back to the right atrium.

Back 9

Cardiac veins

Front 10

The Left main coronary artery divides into the ____ and the _____.

Back 10

left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery.

Front 11

Once the myocardium uses it's oxygen, deoxygenated blood moves back into the right atrium via the ______.

Back 11

cardiac veins

Front 12

The ____ is the sequence of events in one heartbeat.

Back 12

Cardiac cycle

Front 13

The cardiac cycle is the...

Back 13

beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next.

Front 14

During systole the ventricles ____.

Back 14

contract

Front 15

During diastole the ventricles _____.

Back 15

relax

Front 16

The S1 sound is ____.

Back 16

Lub

Front 17

S1 is associated with the closure of the ____ valves.

Back 17

AV- tricuspid and mitral

Front 18

The S2 sound is ____.

Back 18

Dub

Front 19

S2 is associated with the closure of the _____ valves.

Back 19

Semilunar- Aortic and Pulmonic

Front 20

Heart sounds are made by the

Back 20

closure of the valves.

Front 21

S1 occurs at the onset of _____.

Back 21

systole

Front 22

S2 occurs at the onset of ______.

Back 22

diastole

Front 23

During diastole the _____ are closed.

Back 23

Semilunar valves

Front 24

During systole the ____ are closed.

Back 24

AV valves

Front 25

_____ is the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles in one minute.

Back 25

Cardiac output

Front 26

Cardiac output is determined by ___ and ____.

Back 26

stroke volume and heart rate

Front 27

Cardiac output averages between ____L/min.

Back 27

4-8

Front 28

Cardiac output involves 4 factors:

Back 28

-Preload
-Afterload
-Contractility
-Heart Rate

Front 29

Stroke volume is determined by

Back 29

preload, afterload and contractility

Front 30

_____ is the stretch of myocardial fibers just before contraction. It is influenced by the blood volume to the right side of the heart.

Back 30

Preload

Front 31

Preload is based on _____.

Back 31

Frank Starling's Law of the Heart

Front 32

Frank Starling's law of the heart states that the greater the stretch the more forceful the ____. But overstretching the muscle fibers results in _____.

Back 32

contraction
ineffective contraction

Front 33

____ is the force the left ventricle has to overcome to pump blood out into circulation.

Back 33

afterload

Front 34

When a patient has longstanding HTN, they have problems with _____.

Back 34

afterload

Front 35

Afterload is affected by systemic or peripheral vascular _____.

Back 35

resistance

Front 36

____ is the ability of the myocardium to contract and relax.

Back 36

Contractility

Front 37

Contractility is associated with the availability of _____.

Back 37

Ca+

Front 38

Contractility is increased by ____ and therefore is affected by the _____.

Back 38

Sympathetic nervous system

Front 39

____ and contractility typically go hand in hand.

Back 39

Heart rate

Front 40

____ is regulated by the autonomic nervous system.

Back 40

Heart rate

Front 41

The SNS ____ heart rate.

Back 41

increases

Front 42

The PNS ____ heart rate.

Back 42

decreases

Front 43

___ is the fraction or percent of blood that is ejected by each contraction.

Back 43

Ejection fraction

Front 44

Normal EF is _____.

Back 44

55-70%

Front 45

Ejection Fraction is normally measured in the ____ because this is the heart's main pumping chamber.

Back 45

left ventricle

Front 46

Possible causes of chest pain are

Back 46

cardiac, musculoskeletal, pleural, gastrointestinal, pulmonary

Front 47

All CP is considered ____ until that is ruled out.

Back 47

cardiac

Front 48

The _____ valve is auscultated at the 2nd ICS RtSB.

Back 48

Aortic

Front 49

The _____ valve is auscultated at the 2nd ICS LtSB.

Back 49

Pulmonic

Front 50

The _____ valve is auscultated at the 4th ICS LtSB.

Back 50

Tricuspid

Front 51

The _____ valve is auscultated at the 5th ICS LtMCL.

Back 51

Mitral

Front 52

The Apical pulse or PMI is auscultated at the same area as the _____ valve.

Back 52

Mitral

Front 53

Lub is S1 and is auscultated with the closure of the ___ and ___ valves.

Back 53

mitral and tricuspid

Front 54

Dub is S2 and is auscultated with the closure of the ___ and ____ valves.

Back 54

aortic and pulmonic

Front 55

Normal changes of the CV system with aging include: the baroreceptors become _____ making the patient more prone to orthostatic hypotension and the aorta and other arteries become stiffer causing ______.

Back 55

less sensitive
increased SBP

Front 56

Normal changes in the CV system with aging include:
valves and heart chambers thicken putting patient at risk for ____ and veins dilate and valves become incompetent causing ______.

Back 56

murmurs
edema to lower extremities

Front 57

Onset of heart disease is earlier in _____.

Back 57

men

Front 58

Men have ____ angina symptoms.

Back 58

typical

Front 59

Cardiac pain in men is described as

Back 59

substernal, crushing pain.

Front 60

Onset of heart disease in women is typically ___ years later than with men.

Back 60

10

Front 61

Women often have ____ angina symptoms.

Back 61

atypical

Front 62

Cardiac issues in women often present as ____ and ____.

Back 62

fatigue and nausea.