2.00: Lower Limb Anatomy

Front 1

Which of the following part/s of the hip bone contains an articular surface for the sacroiliac and hip joints?
A:Margin
B:Acetabulum
C:Iliac Tuberosity
D:Auricular surface
E:Greater Sciatic Notch

Back 1

D:Auricular surface

Front 2

Which of the following structures of the Femur contains the articular surfaces for the hip and knee joints?
A:Lateral condyle
B:Adductor tubercle
C:Head
D:Lesser trochanter
E:Shaft

Back 2

C:Head

Front 3

What tarsal bone/s help form the ankle joint?
A:Talus
B:Calcaneus
C:Cuboid
D:Cuneiforms
E:Navicular

Back 3

A:Talus

Front 4

What specific movement of the hip joint do the ilio, pubo and ischio femoral ligaments limit?
A:Internal rotation
B:External rotation
C:Flexion
D:Extension
E:Abduction

Back 4

A:Internal rotation

Front 5

Which meniscus is more mobile in the knee?
Does this lead to decreased or increased injury risk?

Back 5

The lateral meniscus is more mobile and is less prone to injury than the medial meniscus, which is held firmly in place and is continuous with the medial/tibial collateral ligament of the knee.

Front 6

What is Shenton's Line?

Back 6

A radiographic line/arc drawn between the superior aspect of the obturator foramen and the medial spect of the neck of the femur. Discontinuity of this line indication a congenital or trauma induced sublaxation or dislocation of the hip.

Front 7

What general group of muscles attach to the greater trochanter?

Back 7

Gluteal muscles.

Front 8

What general group of muscles attach to the linea aspera?

Back 8

Medial thigh adductors.

Front 9

What general group of muscles attach to the popliteal surface?
A:Flexors of the hip
B:Flexors of the Knee
C:Medial thigh adductors
D:Posterior leg muscles
E:None of the above

Back 9

E:None of the above.

The popliteal surface forms a floor to the popliteal fossa and has no attachments, but contains the tibial nerve, popliteal vein and popliteal artery (a continuation of the femoral artery).

Front 10

Where is the malleolus fossa on the leg bones?

Back 10

It is on the fibular lateral malleolus, distal and posterior, and allows attachment of the tibiofibular and posterior talofibular ligaments.

Front 11

What does the anterior cruciate ligament do?
A:Prevent lateral movement of the knee.
B:Limit superior movement of the tibia.
C.Limit rotation of the fibula.
D.Limit anterior movement of the tibia.
E.Limit rotation of the knee.

Back 11

D.Limit anterior movement of the tibia.

The PCL limits posterior movement of the tibia.

Front 12

What forms the femoral triangle?
What is inside it?

Back 12

Roof of fascia lata, floor of iliopsoas, pectineus and adductor longus, and borders or inguinal ligament superiorly, medial border of adductor longus medially and medial border of the sartorius laterally.
It contains the femoral nerve (and branches genitofemoral nerve, lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh)
and the femoral sheath with (lateral to medial)
femoral artery, veins and canal (with deep inguinal lymph nodes).

Front 13

What muscles are responsible for flexion of the thigh at the hip?

Back 13

Sartorius, quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermediaus) and Iliopsoas.

Front 14

What muscles are responsible for the adduction of the thigh at the hip?

Back 14

Pectineus
adductor brevis/longus/magnus, gracilis, obturator externus.

Front 15

What muscles make up the hamstrings and what is their function?

Back 15

Semimembranosus, semiteninosus and biceps femoris, all coming from the ischial tuberosity to assist in extension of the thigh at the hip and flexion of the leg at the knee. Adductor magnus also has a posterior portion that assists with extension of the thigh at the hip.

Front 16

What innervates the gluteal muscles?

Back 16

Inferior gluteal nerve innervates the gluteus maximus, while the superior gluteal nerve innervates the gluteus medius and minimus muscles.

Front 17

What are the 6 lateral rotators of the thigh at the hip?

Back 17

In order superior to inferior = Pretty Girls Often Get Off Quickly

Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Obturator internus
Gemellus inferior
Obturator externus
Quadratus femoris (sits on top of obturator externus)

Front 18

What muscles and nerves are responsible for everting the foot?

Back 18

Lateral compartment muscles, fibularis longus and fibularis brevis which wrap around the lateral malleolus, through stimulation by the deep common peroneal nerve.

Front 19

What is the pes anserinus?

Back 19

The common tendinous attachment at the anteromedial, proximal surface of the tibia, consisting of the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosis.
Means 'goose's foot'.

Front 20

Where does the sciatic nerve exit out of the gluteal region?

Back 20

In most people, under the piriformis muscle. In some people, in exits through the piriformis, and can form sciatica.

Front 21

What muscles make up the posterior compartments of the leg?

Back 21

Superficial
-Gastrocnemius
-Soleus
Deep
-Flexor digitorum longus
-Tibialis posterior
-Flexor hallucis longus

Front 22

What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg?

Back 22

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus

Front 23

How do you test for the integrity of the Femoral Nerve?

Back 23

Extension of the leg at the knee.

Femoral nerve is from the lumber plexus with L2,3,4 spinal nerves. It provides motor to the anterior thigh muscles, and sensory to the anterior thigh and (through the saphenous branch) medial leg.

Front 24

How do you test for the integrity of the Obturator Nerve?

Back 24

Test adduction of the thigh at the hip.

The Obturator Nerve is from the lumbar plexus, with spinal nerves from L2,3,4. It provides motor to the medial thigh muscles and sensory to the medial thigh.

Front 25

How do you test for the integrity of the Superior gluteal nerve?

Back 25

Test abduction of the thigh at the hip, and trendelenberg test (test leg by standing on it alone, if contralateral side dips, the side the patient is standing on has weak thigh abductors).

Superior gluteal nerve comes from the sacral plexus, from L4,5,S1. It provides motor to the gluteus medius and minimus and the tensor fascia latae.

Front 26

How do you test for the integrity of the tibial nerve?

Back 26

Test by plantarflexion of the foot at the ankle and flexion of the toes.

The tibial nerve comes from the sacral plexus (L4,5,S1,2,3) and is within the sciatic nerve which it splits from in the thigh to supply motor to posterior thigh muscles (including post. adductor magnus, excluding the short head of the biceps femoris), posterior leg muscles, plantar intrinsic foot muscles and sensory to the posterior leg and plantar foot.

Front 27

How do you test for the integrity of the common fibular nerve?

Back 27

Test by deep dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle and extension of the toes, and eversion of the foot.

The common fibular nerve comes from the sacral plexus (L4,5,S1,2) and is within the sciatic nerve which it splits from in the thigh to supply motor to the anterior leg muscles and dorsal intrinsic foot muscles through its deep branch and lateral leg muscles through its superficial branch. It also supplies sensory to the dorsum of the foot via the lateral branch, and a little through the deep branch.

Front 28

Name the main branches of the lumbar plexus.

Back 28

Iliohypogastirc (L1)
Inguinal (L1)
Genetofemoral (L1,2)
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh (L2,3)
Obturator nerve (L2,3,4)
Femoral nerve (L2,3,4)

Front 29

What characteristic symptoms can differentiate a lesion in the periphery from a lesion within the vertebral canal?

Back 29

A lesion within the spinal canal will result in a 'fuzzier' distribution of parasthesia/weakness etc whereas a lesion more peripherally will lead to a very defined area of parasthesia and/or associated muscle weakness.

Front 30

Name the main branches of the sacral plexus

Back 30

Superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5, S1)
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5,S1,S2)
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1,2,3)
Motor branches to lateral rotators (PGOGOQ)
Sciatic nerve
- Tibial (L4,5,S1,2,3)
- Fibular (L4,5,S1,S2)

Front 31

What are the most superficial veins of the leg called?

Back 31

Dorsal venous plexus of the foot, great saphenous and lesser saphernous veins.