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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Agricultural Revolution
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one of the factors that allowed Britain to produce the first industrial revolution, changes in methods of farming and stock breeding, led to significant increase in food production, people could be fed for lower prices and cheaper labor
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James Watt
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Scottish engineer, created an engine powered by steam (aka the steam engine) that could pump water from mines three times as quickly as previous engines, steam power then used for spinning and weaving cotton
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Crystal Palace / Great Exhibition of 1851
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an enormous and beautifully structured palace made entirely of glass and iron, created by the really cool Prince Albert, a tribute to British engineering skills, location of a great fair to show of Britain’s awesomeness with respect to the new industrialization, represented how man had transcended nature
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John Cockerill
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aggressive businessman who established a highly profitable industrial plant in southern Belgium, had managerial AND technical skills
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Friedrich List
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German writer, made most systematic exposition for the use of tariffs, emigrated to America and returned to Germany as a US consul, wrote ‘national system of political economy,’ advocated rapid and large-scale program of industrialization as the surest path to develop a nation’s strength, believed in protective tariffs
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Joint-stock investment bank
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mobilized savings of thousands of small and large investors, creating a supply of capital that could then be plowed back into industry, on the continent, not Britain
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British East India Company
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India was one of the world’s greatest exporters of cotton cloth produced by hand labor fell under control of Britain inexpensive British factory-produced textiles
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“The Great Hunger”
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Ireland had lots of potatoes. Population increased. Potatoes struck by fungus. Population decreased. (People died or moved to Britain or the us)
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Emigration
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traditional safety for overpopulation
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Edwin Chadwick
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urban reformer, obsessed with eliminating poverty and squalor of the metropolitan areas, civil servant, ‘report on the condition of the laboring population of great Britain’: disease caused by industries ntl board of public health
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Bourgeoisie
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now included people involved in commerce, industry, and banking as well as professionals at various levels`
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Trade Unions
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formed by skilled workers in a number of industries to preserve workers’ positions by limiting entry into their trade, and to gain benefits from employers, favored working-class struggle against employers, but only to win improvements for the members of their own trades
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Robert Owen
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– well-known cotton magnate and social reformer, directed plans for the Grand National consolidated trades union: coordinate general strike for the 8-hr working day
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Luddites
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skilled craftspeople in the midlands and northern England who attacked machines that they believed threatened their livelihoods (1812), have been viewed as ‘utterly naïve’
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Chartism
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‘much more meaningful expression’ of the attempts of British workers to improve their condition, wanted political democracy, wrote ntl petitions, but they were unsuccessful, big deal because lots of people were involved and it was organized. Not very effective though
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Factory Acts
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passed between 1802-1819, limited labor for children, then in 1833 it was strengthened
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