2 Pharm: Autonomic And Somatic Ns

Front 1

ANS

Back 1

ANS:
- visceral involuntary
- efferent nerve tracts: supply motor, S and PS
- components: pregang cell body (in CNS), pregang neuron, A neuron, postgang neuron, effector cell
- neuroeffector junction: jxn of postganglionic axonal terminal with effector cell

Front 2

location of S and PS

Back 2

locations:
1. S: thoracolumbar
2. PS: craniosacral

Front 3

post ganglionic nicotinic receptors

Back 3

post ganglionic nicotinic receptors:
- PS and S
- drug which effects nicotinic receptors can have both PS and S effects

Front 4

sweat glands

Back 4

sweat glands:
1. post gang: mod to release ACh
2. exception: horse, true S sweater (NE, E mediated)

Front 5

S NS

Back 5

S NS:
- terminates in para or prevertebral ganglia or directly innervates adrenal medulla
- adrenal medulla behaves as ganglion: no postsynaptic neuron
- chromaffin : rel E and NE
- cervical and sacral receive fibers
- long preganglionic synapse with neuronal body of adjacent ganglion OR a/descend sympathetic chain
- postgang neurons originate from gang, innervate effector

Front 6

S NT

Back 6

S NT:
1. pregang: ACh onto Nr of postgang or adrenal medulla
2. postgang: NE or E onto adrenergic receptors in effectors

Front 7

PS NS

Back 7

PS NS:
- midbrain, medulla
- vagus most important
- pregang NT: Ach onto Nr of post gang
- postgang: short, close to effector, release Ach onto Mr

Front 8

cholinergic receptors

Back 8

cholinergic receptors:
- mediate effect of ACh
- muscarinic: 5 types
- nicotinic: 2 types

Front 9

non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic neurons (NANC)

Back 9

non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic neurons (NANC):
- autonomic postgang neuron rel NO
- pregang rel ACh
- penile erection, GI, vascular

Front 10

central integration of A activity

Back 10

central integration of A activity:
- sensory: dorsal root ganglia and also afferent portion of A nerve transmit pain, cardio activity, resp
- A reflexes: baroreceptor, chemoreceptor
- hypothalamus: supraspinal S and PS modulation eg BP, T, sleep

-

Front 11

adrenergic neurhormonal transmission

Back 11

adrenergic neurohormonal transmission:
- biosyn:
1. phe
2. tyr
3. DOPA
4. NE, E

Front 12

NE storage, release

Back 12

NE:
1. storage: cytoplasmic granules
2. release into synaptic areas: excitation-secretion coupling, rel of NE by Ca influx
- postsynaptic mem: Na transp, AP

Front 13

NE met

Back 13

NE met:
1. COMT: methylated to normetanephrine
2. MAO: axoplasm of nerve terminal mitochondria, to aldehyde then VMA

Front 14

NE pharm considerations:

Back 14

NE pharm considerations:
1. effects of tranq, sedatives, antidepressants
2. bretylium: blocks rel of NT
3. cocaine: inhibits neuronal reuptake, prolongs NE action
4. MAO inhibitors: accumulation, tyramine, amphetamine

Front 15

reserpine and guanethidine

Back 15

- reserpine: can block granule uptake, deplete NE and E stores
- guanethidine: deplete NE from storage granules, can give to vasodilate for 3+ days

Front 16

ACh effects

Back 16

ACh effects:
- neuro-effector jxn
- A ganglia
- adrenal medulla
- somatic myoneural jxn
- some CNS

Front 17

ACh chem

Back 17

ACh chem:
- acetyltransferase: choline + AcCoA
- acetylcholinesterase: choline+ acetate

Front 18

AChE

Back 18

AChE:
- cholinergic nn
- A ganglia
- neuromuscular jxn
- neuroeffector jxn
- tissues and blood (pseudo)

Front 19

nicotinic

Back 19

nicotinic:
- stimulatory action
1. A ganglia
2. adrenal medulla
3. n-m jxn of somatic NS

Front 20

muscarinic

Back 20

muscarinic:
- heart, smooth m, secretory glands
- excitatory or inhibitory

Front 21

Mr

Back 21

Mr:
1. CNS, S postgang neurons, some presynaptic
2. myocardium, smooth m, CNS, some presynaptic
3. exocrine, vessels, CNS neurons
4. CNS, vagal n ending?
5. postgang neurons, some pregang cholinergic term

Front 22

Nr

Back 22

Nr:
1. Nn: postgang neurons, some presyn cholinergic
- depol: opens Na/ K chan
2. Nm: skeletal m n-m endplate:
- depol: opens Na/K chan

Front 23

alpha 1

Back 23

alpha 1:
- postsynaptic effector cells
- smooth m
- coupled with G(q) protein to phospholipase C and activated Ca dependent protein kinase

Front 24

alpha 2

Back 24

alpha 2:
- inhibits adenylyl cyclase, dec intracellular cAMP

Front 25

beta

Back 25

beta:
- stimulation of adenylyl cyclase, inc conversion of ATP to cAMP

Front 26

dopamine

Back 26

dopamine:
- NE and E precursor
- effects in brain, kidney

Front 27

D1

Back 27

D1:
- stim adenylyl cyclase
- induces smooth m relax due to cAMP accum
- vasodilation

Front 28

D2

Back 28

D2:
- inhibits adenylyl activity, opens K chan, dec Ca influx
- inhibits prolactin

Front 29

other neurohormonal substances

Back 29

other neurohormonal substances:
1. histamine
2. serotonin: NT in brain, some peripheral nn
3. 5-hydroxytryptamine: thermoreg, sleep
4. GABA: inhibitory
5. NO