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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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tetracyclines major precautions
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life threatening diarrhea; high IV dose has been associated with severe liver damage; patients w/ kidney disease may have accumulation of drug.
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tetracycline absorption will decrease if given w/...
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milk products, calcium, antacids, iron, magnesium laxatives
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macrolides
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used if allergic to penicillin
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adverse effects of macrolides
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diarrhea, QT prolongation & sudden death, superinfection
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clarithromycin (biaxin)
azithromycin (Z-Pack) |
other macrolides
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Clindamycin
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(Cleocin) can induce severe Clo. Difficile; can be fatal.
Very toxic drug Only used for specific infection; anaerobes. |
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Linezolid (Zyvox)
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Active against multi-drug-resistant gram-positive pathogens (Vanco. resistant)
May cause myelosuppression (bone marrow) |
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Aminoglycosides
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Narrow-spectrum antibiotics; used for g-negative bacilli
ottotoxicity, nephrotoxicity; neuromuscular blockade Parenteral |
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serum levels of aminoglycosides
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monitoring serum levels is common; same dose can produce very different levels in different patients. Draw at Peak (30-60 min. after dose) and Trough (right before dose)
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Gentamicin
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most common aminoglycoside;
nephro & ottotoxicity |
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Sulfanomides and Trimethoprim
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broad-spectrum antibiotics; still effective; not prescribed frequently b/c of allergies & toxicities
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TMP-SMZ combo
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Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole: main treatment for UTI
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TMP-SMZ adverse effects
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nausea and vomiting, rash, hyperkalemia
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biggest issue w/ treating TB
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patient compliance b/c of lengthy regimen
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Rule of treating TB
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always treat w/ 2 or more drugs to decrease incidence of resistance
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what is usually used for treating TB
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(Isoniazid)INH and rifampin
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Duration of TB treatment
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6 months for drug-sensitive
24 months for MDR (multi-drug resistant) or HIV/AIDS |
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weird reaction to Isoniazid
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orange body fluids
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drug interactions of Rifampin
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drugs for HIV infection
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Leprosy
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aka Hansen's disease
multidrug therapy; monotherapy will cause resistance. 12 months of treatment w/ 3 drugs |
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3 drugs for treating leprosy
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Rifampin, Ofloxacin and Minocycline (ROM regimen)
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Fluoroquinolones
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broad spectrum agents w/ multiple applications; all can be oral or IV
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side effects of Fluoroquinolones
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tendon rupture; usually achilles tendon. Risk to all patients, esp 60 and up, those taking glucocorticoids, and those who have undergone transplant.
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Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
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prototype Fluoroquinolones; broad spectrum antibiotic; drug of choice for anthrax
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Cipro absorption reduced by...
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aluminum, magnesium, iron, zinc, sucralfate, milk and dairy
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Bacitracin and Polymyxin B
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neosporin/antibiotic ointment
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