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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when all defenses work correctly and the body responds, a competent immune system
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immunocompetence
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the state of responsiveness to foreign substances is known as
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immunity
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a substance that elicits response to immune system is called
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antigen
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B lymphocotyes, antigens and antibody (immuglobulins) make up
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humoral immunity (?)
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T lymphocytes (aids, hiv, t-cell count) make up
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Cell mediated Immunity
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your PT is under -responsive due to infection, immunodefifciency diseases, malignancy - he is not normal, what can be the problem
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incompetetent immune system
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Your PT has a hypersensitivity disorder, what else is this called
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Over-reaction
(hypersensitivity) |
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something that is developed in response to an antigen is known as
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Acquired Immunity
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what helps maintain homeostasis
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Immunity
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What kind of immunity is breastmilk, it only lasts for so long
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passive immunity
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allergies and auto immune diffencencies are examples of
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Hypersensitivity reactions
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what exists in a person without prior contact with an antigen - neutrocytes and monoctyes are the primary white blood cells involved
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innate immunity
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what resutls from the invasion of the body by foreign susbtances
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active aquired immunity
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the host recieves antibodies in response to an antigen
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passive acquired immunity
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a substance that elicits an immune response composed of proteins.
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antigen
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an anaphylactic reaction that occurs only in susceptible persons highly sensitized to specific allergens is considered what type
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TYPE 1 - IGE- Mediated Reactions
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What can occur when mediators are releasted systemetically (after injection of drug, or insect sting) reaction occurs within minutes and can be life threatening because of bronchial constriction. airway obstruction, vascular collapse
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anaphylaxis
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ALLERGIES )
smooth muscles contraction - narrow airways - leaking of fluid from blood vessels, vasodialation, decreased blood pressure and increased mucus production and itching - are symptoms of |
IGE -Mediated Reactions
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what kind of immunity occurs through injection with gamma globulin (Serum antibodies) - it is short lived bc the host did not make antibodies.
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passive aquired immunity
ex) breastmilk |
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what kind of immununity occurs naturally from a disease or artifcually through innoculation
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active aquired immunity
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what antigens attach to mast cells and basophills to trigger mediators to attack target organs causing allergy symptoms
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IGE - Mediated Rxns
type 1 |
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What kind of reaction is a type I - Ige Mediated Reaction
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Anaphylaxis
Atopic Rxns |
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what kind of rxn has an inherited tendency to become sensitive to environmental allergens
resulting in asthma, allergic rhnitis (hay fever) atopic dermatitis , uticaria (hives) |
atopic reaction
20 percent of population is atopic |
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what occurs within minutes, quick systematic reaction. your PT highly sensitized to specific antigents. life threatening.
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anaphlaxis
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the direct binding of IgG or IGM to antigen on cell surface is called
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Cytotoxic and Cytolytic Rxn
TYPE 2 |
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A Classic type 2 rxn occurs when PT recievesABO-incompatible blood from donor
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hemolytic transfusion rxn
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what is the MSOT COMMON type 1 hypersensitivy reaction caused by airborne substances pollens dust molds .
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allergic rhinitis or hay fever
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disorder involving lungs and kidney - rapid progressive
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goodpasture syndrome
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what results in cell destruction, blood clots. activates immune system, target cells frequently involved include RBC, WBC-
this is a HEMOLYTIC TRANSFUSION RXN |
Cytotoxic and Cytolytic Rxn
TYPE 2 |
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Your PT has edema, itching, headche, feeling of doom, nause, ab pain, this could prgress to shock (tachycardia, weak pulse, hypotension, dyspnea)
whats wrong? |
Anaphlaxis
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Your PT has nasal discharge , sneezing, lacrimation, mucosal swelling with airway obstruction and pruritis around eyes nose and mouth - what is wrong with him
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Allergic Rhinitis (hayfever)
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antigen-antibody complexes too small to be removed by the immune system - coplexes deposit in tissues or small blood vessels - release toxic substances- result in infalammation and tissue ddestruction.
can be local/systemic, immediate or delayed |
Type 3 - Immune Complex RXN
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cell mediated rxn - 24-48 hours AFTER stimulation - contact dermatitis and microbial rxn is known as
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Type 4 - Delayed Hypersensitivity RXN
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The bodys self-defense reaction against Tuberculosis - the test is read 48-72 hours after given -
coudl lead to an extreme response where you lose layers of skin |
microbial hypersensitivy rxn
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Rx diagnosis for latex allergy response, impaired gas exchange and ineffective tissue perfusion fall under what category
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altered immunose response
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How do you treat your PT with an altered immune response deficiency?
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Avoid allergens
Monitor Symptoms Adninister Meds Local Treatment Latex precaution |
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what meds would you give your PT having an allergic rxn or altered immune response
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antihistamines, decongestants, steroids, antipruritics
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Your PT has a reaction associated with autoimmune disorders causing inflammation and destruction of tissue - site kidney , joint, bv, lungs.
what is wrong |
PT has a type 3- immune complex rxn
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what is also called a cell-mediated immune response
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TYPE 4 - Delayed Hypersensitivity RXN
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an example of a delayed hypersensitiy rxn involving the skin - rxn occurs when skin is exposed to substances that easily penetrate the skin to combine with epidermal proteins.
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contact dermatitis
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what is the MAIN difference between contact and atopic dermatitis?
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contact dermititis is LOCALIZED and restricted to area exposed to allergens - atopic dermatitis is WIDESPREAD.
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One function of cell mediated immunuty is
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survelience for malignant cell changes
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the reason newborns areprotected for the first 6 months of life from bacterial infections is because of the maternal transmission of
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IgG
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In a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - the primary immunologic disorder appears to be
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release of chemical mediators from IgE bound mast cells and basophils
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you notice your PT has possible analphylactic shock after a IM penicillin by the development of
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edema and itching at injection SITE.i
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Can a nurse give allergy shot outside of healthcare facility
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immonotherapy should only be administered in setting where emergency equiptment and drugs are available
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association between HLA antigents and diseases is most commonly found in what disease condition
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autoimmune disorders
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plasmapheresis is used
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to exchange plasma that contains antinuclear antibodies with a substitute fluid
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the most common casuse of secondary immunodeficiences is
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drugs
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what describes rejection following transplantation?
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HYPERACUTE REACTION - can usually be avoided if crossmatching is done prior to transplant.
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what is the drug used for a acute rejection of transplanted organs?
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Daclizumab
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is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies (as opposed to cell-mediated immunity which involves T lymphocytes) produced in the cells of the B lymphocyte lineage (B cell). Secreted antibodies bind to antigens on the surfaces of invading microbes (such as viruses or bacteria), which flags them for destruction.
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Humoral Immune Response (HIR)
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cell mediated immunity involves which type of lymphoctyes
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T Lymphoctyes
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rheumatoid artrhirtis
vs osteoarthritis |
rheumatoid is and inflammation in the joint that displace them....osteo is the a slowly progressive non-inflammatory disorder of the joints
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