2 Immuno: Overview

Front 1

Immunity

Back 1

body defenses that protect against disease
- multiple layers of defense

Front 2

Physical barriers

Back 2

1. Skin
2. Normal flora on skin and GI
3. low pH in tears, saliva, etc
Self- cleaning processes:
4. respiratory: coughing, sneezing, muco-ciliary flow
5. GI tract: vomiting, diarrhea

Front 3

Innate immunity: chemicals

Back 3

1. enz that coat bacterial cell walls
2. proteins that coat bacteria to help destroy them: defensins, lysozyme

Front 4

Innate immunity: cells

Back 4

- neutophils, macrophages
- can kill many invading microbes
- have pre-existing receptors that bind to molecular patterns commonly found on many diffferent microbial pathogens

Front 5

Innate defense processes

Back 5

Inflammation: focused response that results in increased BF and accumulation of cells (neutrophils and macrophages) to area of microbial invasion

Front 6

Innate immunity: memory?

Back 6

- Cannot improve with subsequent exposure to the microbe
- Always ready and can respond immediately to infections ( minutes to hours)

Front 7

Innate immunity: overwhelming infection

Back 7

- animals that cannot mount and effective innate response will die from overwhelming infection
- Innate response alone isn't enough to protect against all invaders

Front 8

Acquired (Active) Immunity Gen

Back 8

- "smart": can recognize foreign invaders, destroy them, and retain memory of the encounter
- takes time for the initial response to be generated, not available immediately
- responds more rapidly and effectively after the first time
- very complex

Front 9

Acquired Immunity: foreign invaders

Back 9

- eg pathogenic microbe (virus, bacteria, protozoa, fungus) or allergen or tissue graft for a non-identical twin

Front 10

Acquired Immunity: specificity

Back 10

1. generation of lymphocytes that recognize specific molecules of specific foreign invaders
2. Can distinguish "self" from "non-self", only responding to "non-self"

Front 11

Acquired Immunity: Antigens

Back 11

- antigens are the molecules of a foreign invader that are recognized by and stimulate the generation of lymphocytes with specificity
- Vaccinations: antigens from a microbe

Front 12

Acquired Immunity: humoral

Back 12

- antibody made by B lymphocytes
- targets invaders that are outside of cells
- Ab cannot get inside of living cells, so they target extracellular bacteria and viruses before they get into cells

Front 13

Acquired Immunity: Cell- mediated

Back 13

CMI response targets cells that are infected with intracellular pathogens
- T lymphocytes

Front 14

Passive Immunity

Back 14

- acquired immunity from one individual (Ab usually) that's naturally or artificially given to anther
- colostrum or vaccination

Front 15

Successful vacc programs

Back 15

1. Animals: RV, Brucella abortus, distemper viruses, FMD
2. Humans: smallpox, polio, measles, rubella, mumps, chickenpox, HPV

Front 16

Dysregulation of the Immune System

Back 16

1. Hypersensitivities: Allergies, asthma
2. Autoimmunity: multiple schlerosis
3. immunodeficiencies: FIV
4. Neoplasia of immune system: leukemias, lymposarcomas