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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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salt precipitation or turbidity tests
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salt precipitation or turbidity tests:
- evaluation of amount of serum Ig - zinc sulfate or sodium sulfite plus serum sample, precipitates globulins - read visually - clear= FPT |
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total serum protein
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total serum protein:
- measure of Ig in serum - used in calves, depends on hydration level |
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ELISA and radial immunodiffusion
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ELISA:
- measure of Ig in serum - Snap Foal IgG (IDEXX) - various control conc equine IgG with anti-equine IgG compared to serum |
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radial immunodiffusion
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radial immunodiffusion:
- serum Ig reacts with anti-equine IgG , IgM gel resulting in precipitation ring - compared to control Ig conc |
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TP and G +/- colostrum
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1. before colostrum:
TP 5.0, gamma globulin <0.1 2. after colostrum: TP 6.0, gamma globulin 1.0 |
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treatment of FPT
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treatment of FPT:
- primarly done in foals and calves 1. <15 hrs: give colostrum 2-3L oral 2. 15 hours- 3 weeks: give IV plasma 3. 3 weeks: watch and give antibiotics |
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maternal Ab in neonate
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maternal Ab in neonate:
- immediate protection against pathogen, mucosal and systemic - varible HL |
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vaccs in neonate
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vaccs in neonate:
- can bind maternal Ab, sequestering the vaccine Ag away from neonate's immune system - serial: insures young animal's IS sees the vacc Ag and can respond |
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vacc in dogs and cats
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vacc in dogs and cats ROT:
- 6-9 weeks: earliest age with reasonable expectation of response - some: every 2-4 weeks until 18-20 weeks |
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vacc in calves and foals
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vacc in calves and foals ROT:
- before 6 months (~4 mo) - revaccinate at 6 mo or after weaning to ensure protection |
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acquired immune system
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acquired immune system:
- takes time to become fully functional 1. short gestation: rodents, incomplete development 2. long gestation: dom mammals, fully developed but cannot fxn at full adult levels for several weeks - depends on environmental Ag exposure` |
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primate placenta
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primate placenta:
- hemochorial - prenatal IgG transfer |
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carnivore placenta
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carnivore placenta:
- endotheliochorial: 1 layer, endothelium - slight (5-10%) prenatal IgG transfer |
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R placenta
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R placenta:
- syndesmochorial: 2 layers, CT and endothelium - no prenatal IgG transfer |
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horse placenta
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horse placenta:
- epitheliochorial: 3 layers, epithelium, CT and endothelium - no prenatal IgG transfer |
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chicken IgG transfer
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chicken:
prenatal IgG transfer |
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colostrum production and absorption
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colostrum production and absorption:
- last weeks of gestation - accumulated secretions of mammary gland and proteins (Ig) actively transferred from bloodstream - rich in IgG and IgA - IgG predominant: 65-90% total Ab content - some IgM and IgE |
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Ab type in colostrum vs milk
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colostrum vs milk:
- primates: IgA predominates in both - ruminants: IgG1 predominates in both - pigs and horses: IgG colostrum--> IgA milk |
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colstrum vs milk
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1. colostrum: Ab from serum
- rich in cytokines: promote young animal's immune system 2. milk: Ab from mammary gland |
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absorption of colostrum Ab
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absorption of colostrum Ab:
- calves, foals: 2L 1. maternal IgG binds to FcRn on intestinal epithelial cells 2. internalized by pinocytosis 3. enters lacteals and intestinal capillaries , followedby general circulation - gut permeability to Ab highest immediately after birth, declines at about 6 hours and very low at 14 hours |
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selectivity of colostrum Ab absorbed
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selectivity of colostrum Ab absorbed:
1. Horse and pig: IgG and IgM, most IgA remains in intestine 2. R: unselective, all Ig classes abs |
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importance of IgG and IgA
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1. absorption of IgG from colostrum: protects against septicemic dz
2. continuous intake of IgG1 or IgA: protection against enteric dz after gut closure - blocks entry of pathogens into intestine |
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IgG levels and FPT
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-foals: require 800 mg//dL
1. partial FPT: 400-800 mg/dL 2. complete FPT: <400 mg/dL ~ 25% foals w/ FPT, but only 2.5% become septic -calves: FPT at <1000mg/dL |
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reasons for FPT
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reasons for FPT:
failure of 1. production 2. ingestion 3. absorption: after 14 hours gut closure occurs |
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FPT from production failure
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FPT from production failure:
- dam problem 1. insufficient or poor quality 2. premature lactation 3. premature neonate |
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FPT from ingestion failure
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FPT from ingestion failure:
- dam or neonate problem 1. inadequate intake: multiple births, poor mothering 2. poor suckling drive: jaw defects, damaged teats |
