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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define Work.
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Transforming energy from one form to another.
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Define Energy.
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Capacity to do work.
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Define Power.
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Amount of energy delivered over a given time.
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What are the 2 States of Energy?
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Kinetic (moving) & Potential (stored)
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What are the 6 Types of Energy?
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Chemical; Heat; Electrical; Mechanical; Light; Nuclear
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What is the most common form of Energy?
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Heat
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Define Heat.
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Energy transferred when bodies have different temperatures.
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Define Temperature.
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Indicator of Heat.
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Define Fuel.
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Material oxidized during combustion (Reducing Agent).
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What physical state of fuel is the most dangerous and why?
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Gas; Already in Ignitible State.
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Define Fuel Load (Fire Load).
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Total amount of fuel in given location multiplied by Heat of Combustion of materials present.
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What determines Rate of Heat Transfer?
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Temperature difference between bodies.
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What is the lowest concentration of oxygen (at room temperature) that will support Combustion?
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14%
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Define Oxygen Enriched.
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Concentration of more than 21%.
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What are 2 key fuel related factors?
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Physical State & Distribution (Surface to Mass Ratio) (Position-Vertical/Horizontal)
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Define Pyrolysis.
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Chemincal decomposition of substance through action of heat (Solid to a Gas).
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Define Vaporization.
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Transformation of liquid to gas.
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What determines the Rate of Vaporization?
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The substance nvolved & amount of heat applied.
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Define Fire.
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Rapid chemical reaction requiring fuel, O2, & heat that produces energy and products of combustion.
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Name the type, color, shape, & extinguishing method for Class A Fire.
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Ordinary, Green, Triangle, Extinguish by Cooling
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Name the type, color, shape, & extinguishing method for Class B Fire.
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Flammable Liquid; Red; Square; Extinguish by Smothering
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Name the type, color, shape, & extinguishing method for Class C Fire.
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Electrical; Blue; Circle; Extinguish by De-energizing
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Name the type, color, shape, & extinguishing method for Class D Fire.
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Combustible Metals; Yellow; Star; Extinguish w/ Special Agents
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Define Flameover/Rollover.
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Flames move through unburned gases (not actual surface).
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Define Thermal Layering.
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Tendency of gases to form layers according to temperature.
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What are 2 other names for Thermal Layering?
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Heat Stratification & Thermal Balance
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What are Products of Combustion?
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Light; Heat; Smoke
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What causes most fire related deaths?
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Smoke
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Define Smoke.
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Heated mix of air, gases, & particles.
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What are the 3 most common hazardous substances found in Smoke?
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Carbon Monoxide (CO); Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN); Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
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What is the Fire Extinguishment Theory?
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Extinguish by interrupting Fire Tetrahedron.
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What are 4 ways to interrupt the Fire Tetrahedron?
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Reduce Temperature; Remove Fuel; Exclude O2; Inhibit Chemical Reaction
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Define Solubility.
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Ability of substance to mix with water.
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What is the difference between Polar Solvents and Hydrocarbons?
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Polar Solvents mix with water & Hydrocarbons do not mix with water.
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Give an example of a Polar Solvent & a Hydrocarbon.
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Polar Solvent = Alcohol; Hydrocarbon = Oil
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What is the Specific Gravity of most ignitable liquids?
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Less than 1.
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What are the 3 methods of Heat Transfer?
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Conduction; Convection; Radiation
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Define Conduction.
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Transfer of heat by direct point to point contact.
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Define Convection.
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Transfer of heat by circulation of heated liquid or gas.
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Define Radiation.
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Transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves.
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What is the most common method of Heat Tranfer during early fire development?
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Conduction
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What type of Heat Transfer causes most exposure fires?
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Radiation
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Define Exothermic.
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Giving off Energy.
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Define Endothermic.
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Absorbs Energy.
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Define Oxidation.
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Formation of chemical bond between O2 & another substance.
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Define Combustion.
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Self sustaining chemical reaction yielding energy.
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Define HRR.
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Heat Release Rate; Rate fuel burns & releases heat.
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How are HRRs measured?
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British Thermal Units
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What are the 4 components of the Fire Tetrahedron?
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O2; Fuel; Heat; Self Sustaining Chemical Reaction
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Define Flammable Range.
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Range of Fuel Vapor & Air Concentrations.
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How is Flammable Range expressed?
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Expressed in percentage by volume of gas/vapor in air.
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Define LFL.
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Lower Flammable Limit; Minimum concentration of fuel vapor & air that supports combustion; Below LFL = Too Lean
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Define UFL.
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Upper Flammable Limit; Maximum concentration of fuel vapor & air that supports combustion; Above UFL = Too Rich
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What are the 5 Phases of Fire Development?
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Ignition; Growth; Flashover; Fully Developed; Decay
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Define Ignition.
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Period when all 4 elements of Fire Tetrahedron come together.
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What are the 3 most common sources of Ignition Heat and which is the most common?
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Chemical (most common); Electrical; Mechanical
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Define Growth.
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Fire Plum Forms & Gas Layering Increases
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Define Flashover.
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All exposed combustible surfaces involved.
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At what temperature does Flashover occur?
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900 to 1200 F
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Define Fully Developed.
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All combustibles involved.
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During the Fully Developed Stage what controls the amount of fire?
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Ventilation
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Define Decay.
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Fire is fuel controlled & Heat Release Rate declines.
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What factors affect Fire Development?
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Size & Number of Ventilation Openings; Volume & Thermal Properties of Compartment; Location of Additional Fuel Packages; Ceiling Height; Size, Composition, Location of Initial Fuel Package
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