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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1st germanic ruler to be chrsitian
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Clovis
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Clovis' dynasty declined
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divided among heirs - fought
power w/ gov. officials - mayors of the palace |
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charles martel
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Mayor ot the palace
martell - "the hammer" battle of Tours |
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Charles Martel's son
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Pepin the short
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Pepin the short
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king of franks
backed by nobles & church annointed by pope forced lombards out of rome & gave strip of land to pope pope cut ties w/ Byz & protected by franks |
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Pepin's son
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Charlemange
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Charlemange
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"charles the great"
carolus magnus (latin) -> carolingian dynasty enlarged borders 1st timesince rome moset of W euro under 1 gov revive learning |
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chrlemagnge & learning
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palace school
program of study based on bible & latin writeings learned by copying ancient manuscripts W euro now common set of ideas |
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Charlemange & christianity
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defended pope leo III - pope crowned him Holy Roman Emperor - misgivings - pope more authority
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Charlemange's gov.
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central beuraucracy
counts - local officials missi dominici - royal messengers - spies |
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collapse of Charlemange's empire
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son - Louis the pious - weak
3 grandsons fought over throne treaty of Verdun |
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Treaty of Verdun
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Charles the bald - most of France
Louis the German - Germany Lothair - Roman emperor & strip of land in middle of empire |
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go a-viking
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fight as a warrior
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viking ships
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deckless
1 sail powered by oars could cross Atlantic could go up rivers (shallow) light |
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viking attacks
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surprise
no place safe targeted monasteries left overpop homeland no mercy |
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viking trade
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also explorers & settlers
Norwegians settled greenland & iceland reached N America Danes temporarely held England settled Normandy in NW France Swedes settled in present Ukraine & russia |
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Viking culture
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many deities
Runes epics & sagas - later wrote down later - christianity & Roman letters |
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Dark ages
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invaders
trade declined iliteracy |
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Feudalism based on
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land & protection in exchange for services
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Military technology from muslims
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stirrup & sadle
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estates w/ peasants
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fiefs
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feudalism became comlicated
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vassels of many lords - went to war - conflicting loyalties - liege lord
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ceremony of pledging loyalty
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homage
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vassels duties
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military service
serve in court fund for son(knight)/daughter(married) food & lodging if visited ransom |
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castles
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defense
@ 1st wooden than stone b/c fire turrets on hill square tower in middle - keep surrounded by area - bailey not comfrotable |
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lords
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almost total authority in fief
taxes |
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ladys
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wed early as 12 - father selected man
duty - bring up childern, take care of household needlework & medicine sometimes took over fief if lord gone |
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feudal noble entertainment
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tournaments - mock battles
hunted falconry & archery (womwn also) |
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chivalry
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code of conductthat gov. knight's lives
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manors included
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lord's house
pasture fields forest village commons |
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dif between feudaism & manorialism
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F - political, lords & vassels
M - economical, lords & peasants |
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peasants
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taxes
tithe bridge/roads holidays lived to 40 1 Rm house couldn't leave hardest hit |
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serfs
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bound to mannor but couldn't be sold away
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inprovements in farming
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new plow
crop rotation |
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sacraments
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rituals necesary for salvation
baptism penance eucharist confermation matrimony last rights ordination |
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people's limited undersatnading of church
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latin
priests no educated learned from statues, paintings, stained-glass windows |
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secular clergy
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bishops, priests - out in the world
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regular clergy
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monks, nuns - under rule - away from society
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Benedictine rule
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benedict (Rome) formed monastery - poverty & chastity under rule of abbot - model
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monastic life
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simple robes
1 or 2 meals/day most - rules of silence |
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nuns
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convent, abbess
wimple prayer, spinning, embroidery, medicine, taught |
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influence of monastics
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preserved literature (copied)
taught peasantsfarming improvements misssionaries schools, hospitals |
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Pope Gregory I
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adopted benedictine rule
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Pope Gregory I
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adopted benedictine rule
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punishments fo nobles by church
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excamunication & interdict
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feudal ties of church
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wealth & political power
officails noblesgave land to knights for military servace donations of land nobles had relatives apointed |
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1st church reformist
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Berno @ cluny
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choosing of church officials reform
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oficials chosen by pope
pope chosen by cardinals |
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Pope Gregory VII
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monk Hildebrand
critisized lay investiture |
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Pope innocen III
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condemed in clergy - dance, drink, feast -ing
rules for stoppin heresy |
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Albigenisan
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heriticas in franc - innocent III sent kinghts to crush
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inquisition
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cour to try & punnish heritcs
imprisonment loss of property execution to "save soul" of person |
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orders of friars
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Francis of Assisi - Italy - Franciscan
Dominic - Spain - Dominican |
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friars
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wandering preechers
folowed monastic rules depended on charity not isolated |
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Jews
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position worsened
blamed for social problems excuse for mobs to kill interpritations of christian doctrine didn't help blmed for Jesus' death special clothes ghettos pedlers/moneylenders - despised jobs expeled to E Europe - where thrived |
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celts defeated by
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Angles, saxons, jutes - several kingdoms
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Alfred the great
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UNITED ANGLO-SAXONS
defeated danes "Angleland" revive learning |
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after Alfred
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kingd weak - Edward the confessor - died - 3 rivals
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3 rivals for Edward confessor's throne
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William, Duke of normandy
Harlog goodwinson Harold Hardrade |
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William Normandy
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cousin of Edward
vassel of french king lands in france invaded Englad won battle of hastings |
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Harold Goodwinson
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king apointed by nobles
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Wiliam the conqueror as king
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took anglo-saxon land ->kept & to nobels
landoneders oath of loyalty sherifs to collect taxes census -Doomsday book blended french & anglo-saxon ways |
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Henry I
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William's son
royal exchequer royal courts more authority |
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Henry II
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common law
juges, grand jury, petit jury comflict w/ Thomas Becket |
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Thomas Becket
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Henry II wanted to try clergy
TB - archbishop pf canterbury - didn't like killed by knights who thought were doing favor |
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John
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lost land in france
increased taxes punish enimies w/out trial robin hood Magna Carta |
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John
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lost land in france
increased taxes punish enimies w/out trial robin hood Magna Carta |
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magna carta
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nobles force John to sigh @ Runnymede to protect feudal rights - later to all english people
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middle class
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R of henry III
new social class money from buisiness important in gov towns growing in power |
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great council
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burgesses, knights, nobels, clergy
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Model parliament
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called by Henry III's son edward I - gov. more rep.
encouraged to advise & submit petitions to king |
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after charlemagnge
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power w/ feudal lords
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Hugh Capet
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siezed power from carolingian king
dynasty - capetian principle of inheritance thru eldest son strengthened monarchy |
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Lois VI
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strenghtened royal gov @ expense of feudal lords
towndpeople & clergy as advisors self-gov to towns officials loyal to monarch no lord |
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Philip II
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philip augustus
dobled domain - marriage & conquest apointed officail loyal to him weakened power of feudal lords |
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Louis IX
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Philip II's grandson
only king could make coins bans on private warfare & carying weapons ideal b/c relgios, chivalrous, moral |
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Philip IX
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Louis IX's grandson
philip th fair increased territory taxed clergy to pay fo wars Pope boniface VII mad but couldn't do anything assembly to collect taxes nationaly |
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Major Domo
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mayor of the palace
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longships called
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drekars
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1st monerstry attacked by vikings
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lindisfarne
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Ibn Fadlan
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met vikings on travels - recorded
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Jelling stone
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king Harold bluetooth of denmark
united demark & made christian |
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Erik the red
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descovered greenland
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Leif Ericson
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Vinland
L'anse medows in america |
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Courdale horde
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buried treasure
found by workmen now - british museum |
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tortoise
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buildings on wheel - protected soldiers
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Ballista
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huge crossbow
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Elenor of Aquitaine
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wife - Louis VII, Henry II
mother - Richard I, John |
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Papal curia
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pope's advisors
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chuches law
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cannon law
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1st archbishop of canterbury
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St. Augutine
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Harlod Harade
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related to king Canute (danish king ruled England) defaeted @ battle of Stamford
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Bayeaux tapestry
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of norma conquest
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primogeniture
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eldest son inherits
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otto the great (I)
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Roman
close w/ church increase power of monarchy church resented power |
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lay invetiture controversy
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Pope Gregory II - Banned
Henry IV - Vicious letter to pope ordering him to step down Pope excommunicates Henry Henry loses support |
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Showdown at Canossa
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Henry IV
Pleads in front of castle of the pope 3 days Pope forgives Henry Great for power of pope Punishes all nobles who sided with the pope Leads army and has the pope exiled |
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Concordat of worms
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Emperor has the right to appoint bishops and grant them land
Pope has the right to reject unworthy candidates |
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Pope innocent II
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Excommunicated King John
Put England on interdict Excommunicated Phillip II Fourth crusade |
