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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 bodies of water sround arabian pen.
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red sea & persian gulf
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2 climates of arabin pen.
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SW - mountains, valleys, water
rest - aerid planes & deserts |
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fertile areas around water holes
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oases
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Bedouin lived as
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nomadic herders
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bedouin lived in
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tents from animal hair
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Bedouin ate
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dates, milk, mutton(special occasions)
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Bedouin tribes
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related families - valued family ties
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Bedouin tribe lead by
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sheikh -
appointed by heads of families advised by council of elders ruled as long as had tribes consent |
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Bedouin & warfare
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part of life
raids for camels & horses fights over pasture & water believed in retaliation |
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Bedouin entertainment
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camel & horse races
storytelling - poems |
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by AD 500s - Bedouin
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settled around oases & fertile valleys - mercahnts frounded towns
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Mecca & trade
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center
crossroads caravans |
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other spelling of mecca
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makkah
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ka'aba @ 1st
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travelers came to worship at
in Mecca statues of many deities pilgrims made merchants wealthy |
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change in mecca
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buisiness eis replaced family ties
tribal rule no longer adaquate |
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whAt introduced monotheism
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contact w/ byz, persains, & ethiopians
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hanifs
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holy men - monotheistic, rejected Judaism & cristianity, wanted arab religion
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Islam means
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submision to the will of allah
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early life of muhammad
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born in mecca, orphaned, raised by uncle, caravan leader
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khadija
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wealthy widow - muhammads employer - married him
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muhammad troubled by
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wealthy citizens
idol worship mistreatment of poor |
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muhammads revelation
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in cave, heard voice, call to be apostle of one true god, angel gabriel, "recite" 3x, rise & warn about divine judgement
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muhammad preached
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1 god
everyoe worship & obey allah all believers equal rich share wealth w/ poor worth from devotion & deeds live in prep for day of judgement |
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1st converts
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Khadija & family
poor |
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rejected isalm @ 1st
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merchants & religios leaders - got money from worship @ Ka'aba - persecuted muhammad 7 muslims
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Muhammad left mecca
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b/c threats on life - wentr to yathrib - called hijrah
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Yathrib acceptd muhammad
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as prophet & leader - named city madinah (Madinat al-Nabi) "the city of the prophet"
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Midinah compact
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muhammad
foundation of islamic state loyalty to islamic community over tribe protection to christionas & Jews who accepted Islamic authority disputes settled by muhammad all areas of life under divine law |
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how Muhammad back to mecca
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meccans attacked - forced to ratliate - muslima won - went back to mecca
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what muhammad did when came back to mecca
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was little resistance - Islam accepted
destroyed idols in ka'aba -> into place built by abraham spiritual cpital (madina still political capital) |
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muhammad's death
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after ilness
in medinah |
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Quran made of
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copied & memorized muhammad's messagaes - gathered by succesor Abu Bakr over 20 yrs
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Quran means
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recital
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muslims toled to by quran
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honor parents
kindness to neibors protect orphans & widows give to poor |
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told not to in Quran
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murder
steel lie commit adultry |
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Quran forbids
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gambling
eating pork drinking alcohol |
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Islamic scribes
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Shari'ah
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shari'ah
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legal schoolers who organized morals into law - all aspects of life
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5 pillars of Islam
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confession of faith
prayer alms-giving fasting pilgramage to mecca |
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judgement day
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people will rise from death & be judged by actions -
if faithful - eternal happiness in paradise if not - hell forever |
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respect for jews & christians
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others also prophets - muhammad last & greatest
"people of the book" descendents of abraham: Arabs - son Ishmael Jews - son Issac Jesus got god's messages & performed miracles |
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when must prey
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sunrise
noon afternoon sunset evening |
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how prey
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face mecca - kneel, bow, forehead to groud
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prayer leader
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imam
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imam
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uides prayer @ mosque on fri.
any male muslim w/ propper training |
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alms
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private contributions & public tax
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fasting when
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month of ramadan - don't est or drink from sunrise to sunset - after call to prayer "evening breakfast"
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exempt from fasting
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children
pregnant women travelers sick |
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ramadan ends w/
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3 day celebration
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pilgramage to mecca
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Hajj
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when hajj
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2 months + 10 days after ramadan
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hajj is
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3 days of ceremony, prayer, sacrifice
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hajj is
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3 days of ceremony, prayer, sacrifice
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beginning of caliph
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no sucession
group of prominant muslims elected new leader |
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"rightly guided caliphs"
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chosen for life
asked advice of other muslim leaders |
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1st 4 caliphs
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"rightly guided caliphs"
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why armies under rightly guided calphs sucessful
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religios duty
other weak religios perseuction - welcomed well disciplined |
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last RGC
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Ali (son-in-law)
rival weakend hold on cliphate murdered by own folower -> umayyads |
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1st umayyad caliph
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Mu'awiyah
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rebels during umayyads
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ali's son husayn didn't accept rule - ...+ followers killes @ battle of Karbala -> devision
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Sunni
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"followees of the way"
majority politacl leader any devoute muslim caliph |
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Shiite
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Ali + Husayn
cliph only descendents of muhammad thru fatimah & ali religios caliph martyerdom sa sign of devotion |
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Sufism
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disatisfied w/ worldliness
mysical forms of islam direct contact w/ god missionaries |
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umayyad capital
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moved fdrom medinah to damascus - more centraly locad
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Umayyads in france
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stopped by charles martel - Tours
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umayyad reforms
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united lands
arabic currency postal service civil service |
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opposition to umayyads
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disatifaction of non arab muslims - discriminated, tax, lower wages in gov & army jobs
joined w/ shiite opposition army dinner party abbasids |
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1st abbasid caliph
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Abu'l-'Abbas
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