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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hypertension
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When sytolic (highest) BP is over 140. High blood pressure, "the silent killer".
Bands of elastic tissue in arteries are damaged. Ventricle muscles enlarge to pump blood thru arteries that no longer bulge and snap back. Positive feedback loop. Leads to strokes, heart attacks, kidney failure, aneurysms. |
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Aneurysm
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Abnormal widening of artery. Weakened smooth muscle fibers replaced with scar tissue.
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Hypotension
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Low blood pressure, Sytolic BP less than 100.
Can occur during circulatory shock, when blood volume drops due to blood loss. |
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Atherosclerosis
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Low density lipoproteins dump cholesterol into artery walls, lumen size decreases. Serious when lumen is 1/4 of original size.
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LDL's
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Low density lipoproteins. Cholesterol binds to proteins in blood, carries cholesterol into body cells.
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HDL's
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High density lipoprotiens. Transported to liver, mixed with bile, sent to small intestines and out of the body.
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Outcomes of Atherosclerosis (6)
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Atherosclerotic plaque
Angina Pectoris Deep-vein thrombosis Gangrene of the extremities Congestive heart failure (CHF) Acute Myocardial infarction (AMI) |
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Atherosclerotic Plaque
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With trauma and artery bulging, artery wall tears. Platelets, fibrin, and calcium deposit on torn collagen, forming hard plaque.
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Angina Pectoris (chest pain)
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One symptom of blockage of a coronary artery. Myocardium not supplied with enough oxygen and glucose, wastes build, causes pain in chest and sometimes the left arm.
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Deep-vein Thrombosis
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Occurs when thrombus becomes inflamed.
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Thrombus
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Blood clot, reduces lumen size. Most dangerous if it breaks free to become a traveling embolus.
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Embolus
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A free, floating, dangerous blood clot.
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Gangrene of the extremities
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Circulation to extremities slows and ceases. Tissues gradually die, and are invaded by bacteria. Quickly becomes life threatening as bacteria enters the blood stream.
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Congestive heart failure (CHF)
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Left ventricle tissue begins to die, blood backs up into pulmonary circulation and lungs.
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Pulmonary edema
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Blood in lungs from congestive heart failure.
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Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
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Death of a portion of myocardium as result of oxygen starvation.
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Solutions to AMI
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Plaque-busting drugs
Angioplasty Coronary bypass |
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Plaque-busting drugs
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Statins, Nitroglycerin, given to dilate coronary artery and keep myocardium alive.
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Angioplasty
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Catheter inserted to break clot, balloon enlarges lumen, stent inserted to keep it open.
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Coronary bypass
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Vessel is taken from body and stitched to the aorta and coronary artery below blockage.
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Varicose Veins
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Pooling of blood just above valves. Increased pressure increases stretching, positive feedback loop.
Caused by: obesity, pregnancy, genes. |
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Arrhythmia
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Disorder of heart rate or rhythm, tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.
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Tachycardia (tacky)
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Heart rate at rest greater than or equal to 100 BPM.
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Ventricular Fibrillation (v-fib)
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Pumping of blood is irregular, spasms, quivers, insufficient blood is pumped.
An AED (artificial external defibrillator) can be used to jolt heart into normal rhythm. |
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Endocarditis
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Bacteria (esp. Staphyloccus) enter blood during invasive procedures--dental surgery, contaminated IV needles--and invade heart valves. Can cause sudden heart failure.
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Rheumatic Fever
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Starts with normal sickness, ie., Streptococcus from strep throat; thru carelessness or poor health, bacteria moves to and destroys heart valves.
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Myocarditis
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Inflammation of myocardium.
Caused by: Infection by bacteria and viruses Large amounts of cocaine, alcohol, and other substances. |
