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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Integumentary System, main parts
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Skin:
Epidermis Dermis Accessory organs |
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Epidermis
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Upper layer of skin, includes:
Basal region Spinosum layer Granulosum layer Corneum |
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Basal region
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Produces cells.
Stratified squamous cells, major cell type Melanocytes, produces melanin, sunshine activates production Langerhans, consume invading organisms |
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Spinosum layer
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New cells get waterproof layer of keratin protein here.
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Keratinization
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When cells receive waterproof layer of keratin. Over-active keratinization causes dandruff.
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Granulosum layer
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Lipids fill spaces between cells here, keeping it waterproof and protected against foreign materials. But it isolates cells from blood, and they begin to die.
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Corneum
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Multiple layers of dead cells called keratinocytes, waterproof. Few microbes can survive here, constant shedding also protects against invaders.
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Dermis
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Lower skin layer, contains:
Collagen, retards over-stretching Elastin, as above, plus helps contract muscles Blood Vessels, regulate body temp Sweat glands, active when temps rise Sebaceus glands, lubes hair, preserves skin. |
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Sebum
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Oily substance secreted by sebaceus glands, acidic, retards growth of bacteria. Can back up in gland and become infected--acne.
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Hair color
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Melanocytes in bulb of follicle cause hair color. Blond or red: melanocytes with iron and sulfur. Grey: melanin not being produced. White: bubbles in hair shaft.
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Nails
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Plates of tightly packed keratinized epidermal cells.
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Cuticle
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Tough layer of corneum cells at margin of nail.
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Lunula
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From luna, moon. Whitish crescent at base of nail. White because of thickened basal layer.
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Body cavities (5)
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Thorasic
Abdominal Pelvic Cranial Vertebral |
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Thorasic cavity
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Heart, lungs, esophagus
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Abdominal cavity
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Stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, intestines.
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Pelvic cavity
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Reproductive organs
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Cranial cavity
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Brain
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Vertebral cavity
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Spinal cord
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Body Membranes (4)
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Meninges
Serous Mucous Synovial |
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Meninges
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Membrane lines brain and spinal cord.
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Serous
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Membrane lines lungs, heart, abdominal cavity.
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Mucous
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Membrane lines digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems.
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Synovial
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Membrane lines movable joints.
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Homeostasis
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Maintaining constant internal environment.
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Negative feedback
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Sensor detects problem, activates control center to bring conditions back to normal.
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Hypothalamus region of brain
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Control center for body temperature regulation. Above 98.6 degrees causes blood vessel dilation and sweat gland activity. Below constricts vessels, shivering generates body heat, blood sent to core.
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Positive Feedback
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Causes increasing change.
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Inflammation
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Mast cells release histamine
Causes capillaries to dilate and leak plasma into surrounding tissues; swelling Puts pressure on nerve endings, causing pain, attracting leukocytes Leukocytes destroy microbes and release cytokines that increase inflammation Cytokines attract other leukocytes such as monocytes that promote inflammation |
