2 Bacti: Midterm

Front 1

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae spp

Back 1

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae spp:
1. swine erysipelas
2. turkeys: septicemia, swollen snood
3. sheep: arthritis
4. humans: localized cellulitis
5. dogs: E. tonsilarium endocarditis
6. dolphins: septicemia

Front 2

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae gen

Back 2

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae:
- G+: non-motile, small
- acute: smooth colonies
- chronic: filamentous, rough colonies
- habitat: tonsils, mucous mem or carrier pigs, soil, fish slime layer

Front 3

swine erysipelas gen

Back 3

swine erysipelas:
- many serotypes, varying virulence
- inf via: fish meal, contam feed, water, skin wounds, insect bites

Front 4

swine erysipelas forms

Back 4

swine erysipelas form:
1. septicemic: acute in young, fever, red/purple skin patches, death if untreated
2. skin: less acute, red raised diamonds--> necrosis --> scabs (thrombi--> lesions)
3. arthritis: chronic changes
4. cardiac: valvular endocarditis, dyspnea, poss sudden death

Front 5

swine erysipelas dx

Back 5

swine erysipelas dx:
- clin signs, quick Pen response
- culture: blood, organs
- morphology:
1. smooth colonies: short rods
2. rough colonies: filamentous
- motility negative

Front 6

swine erysipelas tx, control

Back 6

swine erysipelas tx, control:
- Pen or Amp
- vaccs: single for market, annual for breeding
- cull chronic cases

Front 7

Listeria moncytogenes gen

Back 7

Listeria moncytogenes:
- G+ small, coccobaccili/rods, hemolytic
- grows 4-45 C
- tumbling motility 25-30C
- non-contagious

Front 8

Listeria monocytogenes habitat

Back 8

Listeria monocytogenes habitat:
- mainly R
- saprophyte
- poor quality silage (pH >4.5), decomposing veg, sewage, wild rodent feces

Front 9

Listeria monocytogenes virulence

Back 9

Listeria monocytogenes virulence:
1. enz: Listeriolysin O hemolysin/ cytolysin disrupts phagosomal mem--> cytoplasm invasion --> intracellular
2. glyceride factor: monocytosis in NR

Front 10

Listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis

Back 10

Listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis:
1. oral entry: epi invasion --> CrN 5 migration --> microabcesses of brainstem--> meningoencephalitis --> circling dz
2. intestinal mucosa--> placental damage --> fetal inf --> abortion, stillbirth
3. blood --> meninges--> meningitis

Front 11

Listeria monocytogenes forms

Back 11

Listeria monocytogenes:
1. meningoencephalitis: circling dz, complete paralysis, sheep die 2-3days
2. abortion: cattle, sheep
3. septicemic form: young R, chinchillas, poultry
- multifocal necrosis of liver, spleen
4. iritis/ keratoconjunctivitis, mastitis: silage implicated

Front 12

Listeria monocytogenes dx

Back 12

Listeria monocytogenes dx:
- routine culture
- cold enrichment in liquid media then plate on selective media or BA
- FAT on tissues, exudates
- serological: many false -, PCR

Front 13

Listeriosis control, tx

Back 13

Listeriosis control, tx:
- eliminate bad silage, keep animals off ID'd pasture
- prevent eye contact w/ silage
- early stages: Pen, Amp, Tetra in high doses
- no vacc: intracellular

Front 14

Mycobacterium gen

Back 14

Mycobacterium:
- usually only acid fast +, some G+ rods
- aerobic, egg based media
- tuberculosis: bovis, tuberculosis
- isolation time: 4-8 weeks

Front 15

M bovis

Back 15

M bovis:
- Tb cattle, humans, monkeys, deer
- nodules in lung, ICS, lnn

Front 16

tuberculosis pathogenesis

Back 16

tuberculosis pathogenesis:
1. oral, resp entry
2. macs
3. local lnn
4. lymphatic vessels
5. blood
6. lungs, liver, spleen
7. nodules/ tubercles: granulomatous response
8. necrosis, caseation
9. calcification

Front 17

tuberculosis virulence

Back 17

tuberculosis virulence:
1. glycolipids
2. wax D: + mycobacterial proteins= DTH

Front 18

M tuberculosis

Back 18

M tuberculosis:
- Tb humans, parrots, monkeys, elephants
- can infect any organ, dep on route of inf

Front 19

M avium

Back 19

M avium:
- Tb birds, pigs
- nodules in liver, spleen, intestine, bone

Front 20

M avium paratuberculosis gen

Back 20

M avium paratuberculosis
- Johne's dz: cattle, small R
- worldwide
- debilitating, chronic diarrhea
- calves ingest contam feces--> clin signs after 2 years
1. clinically ill
2. asymptomatic shedders
3. infected: not ill or shedding

Front 21

tuberculosis dx

Back 21

tuberculosis dx:
1. tuberculin testing
2. agglut: birds w/o wattle
3. ELISA for Ab
4. PM dx at slaughter: histo, lesions
5. gamma interferon test: detects sensitization to M Ag, not common
6. culture: aspirates

Front 22

tuberculosis control, tx

Back 22

tuberculosis control, tx:
- quarantine new additions: 60-90 days
- disinfection: cresylic compounds
- no tx food animals
- elephants, exotic birds: Rifampin, Isoniazid
- BCG: live vacc for kids, calves not in Canada, USA

Front 23

Johne's pathogenesis

Back 23

Johne's pathogenesis:
1. ingestion
2. penetrates mucosa of ileum, colon
3. phagocytosed
4. multiply in intraepithelial macs
5. granulomatous rxn: local DTH
6. chronic inflamm response
7. thickened corrugated mucosa
8. impaired int fx, leakage of plasma protein
9. wasting, diarrhea

Front 24

enJohne's dx

Back 24

Johne's dx:
1. rectal scraping: acid fast clumps indicate intracellular growth
2. fecal smear, culture, PCR
3. immuno tests: ELISA
4. skin test
- recc: culture + ELISA

Front 25

Johne's control

Back 25

Johne's control:
- remove clin cases
- test herds every 6-12 mo: culture, ELISA
- cull + animals
- prevent inf via feces: Ca oxide/ lime to pasture
- separate newborns
- test replacement animals
- no tx, antibiotics

Front 26

M leprae gen

Back 26

M leprae:
- chronic: skin, peripheral nn
- not cultured, grown on mouse footpads
- dx: lepromin test for DTH, ELISA
- tx: Dapsone (sulfonamide-like compound)

Front 27

M leprae spp

Back 27

M leprae spp:
1. armadillos: zoonotic
2. monkeys: rarely
- dom animals not effected

Front 28

M lepramurium

Back 28

M lepraemurium:
- feline leprosy, also caused by some other saprophytic mycobacti
- zoonotic
- contracted from rats
- cutaneous nodules
- tx: sx, antitubercular rx w/ sec antibiotic

Front 29

atypical Mycobacteria

Back 29

atypical Mycobacteria:
- saprophytic
- skin nodules in cattle
- lesions in turtles

Front 30

E coli gen

Back 30

E coli:
- many types: harmless to pathogenic
- intestinal commensal
- serotyping: ID strains, epi study
- hemorrhagic colitis: O157 H7, humans

Front 31

E coli dz

Back 31

E coli dz:
1. porcine neonatal diarrhea: ETEC
2. porcine post-weaning diarrhea, edema: STEC
3. white scours: calves, ETEC
4. septicemia: young, chickens
5. watery mouth: lambs
6. UTI: dogs
7. metritis, mastitis
8. hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic sydrome: humans, STEC, VTEC, EHEC

Front 32

E coli virulence factors

Back 32

E coli virulence factors:
1. flagellum
2. capsule
3. endotoxin: fever, intravascular clotting
4. pili (fimbriae): K88 helps colonization
5. enterotoxins: fluid secretion
6. shiga toxins: verotoxins eg edema dz toxin
7. hemolysin

Front 33

E coli diarrhea

Back 33

E coli diarrhea:
1. inf
2. attachment via pili
3. enterotoxin
4. fluid, electrolyte loss
- predisp: no colostrum

Front 34

E coli dz pigs

Back 34

E coli dz pigs:
1. neonatal enteritis: <5 days, often death
2. post-weaning diarrhea
3. edema dz: any age but more common in weanling:
toxin in intestine --> blood --> damaged vessels --> edema: eyelids, stomach wall,

Front 35

E coli dz

Back 35

E coli dz:
1. septicemia: foals
2. colibacillosis: foals
3. watery mouth: lambs, endotoxin
4. UTI, pyometra: dogs, cats
5. metritis: mares, cattle
6. coliform, gangrenous mastitis: cows, sows
- endotoxic injury: hemm, edema, off feed, fever
7. hemorrhagic colitis: calves and humans, shiga toxin producing str, not common
- also hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans
8. white scours/ diarrhea: calves, may be preceeded by colisepticemia/ colibacillosis/ omphalophlebitis (navel ill)
9. arthritis: calf

Front 36

Hamburger dz

Back 36

Hamburger dz:
- E coli O157:H7 most common cause, shiga producing
- acid-resistant

Front 37

E coli dx

Back 37

E coli dx:
- culture: feces, etc
- slide agglut for fecal
- urine: quantiative, carnivores

Front 38

E coli tx

Back 38

E coli tx:
- diarrhea: fluid, electrolytes
- antibiotics: IV septicemia, PO diarrhea, systemic and local mastitis

Front 39

E coli control

Back 39

E coli control:
- vacc dams: pigs, cattles
- ensure colostrum: applies also for watery mouth
- improve hygiene, management
- vacc: cows, dec severity of endotoxemia