2 Bacti F: Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Hemophilus, Bordatella

Front 1

Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Hemophilus, Bordatella gen

Back 1

Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Hemophilus, Bordatella:
- G- rods
- gen associated with respiratory dz
- septicemia, etc in mammals and birds
- organism have been renamed

Front 2

Pasteurella, Mannheimia

Back 2

Pasteurella, Mannheimia:
- aerobic
- cocco-baccilary, bipolar staining
- BA for isolation
1. P. multocida: - hemolysis, + indole
2. M. hemolytica: + hemolysis, - indole

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Pasteurella multocida

Back 3

Pasteurella multocida:
- predisp: stress, viral inf
- no predisp factors req for hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle or fowl cholera in birds

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fowl cholera

Back 4

fowl cholera:
- P. multocida
- septicemia: invasion of tissues such as liver
- wild ducks, geese + dom flocks
- transmission: oral, respiratory or through eye

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hemorrhagic septicemia

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hemorrhagic septicemia:
- P multocida
- acute dz, mainly in tropics
- cattle, buffalo, deer, elephants
- fever, hemorrhages, lesions, edema (often submandibular), enteritis, death
- leishman stain

Front 6

Snuffles in rabbits

Back 6

Snuffles in rabbits:
- P. multocida: carried by most animals, stress leads to dz
- nasal discharge, epiphora, conjunctivitis, nasal occlusion
- sneezing, coughing
- sometimes otitis
- can lead to pneumonia, weight loss, death
- peracute cases: septicemia, death

Front 7

P multocida dz

Back 7

P multocida dz:
1. fowl cholera
2. hemorrhagic septicemia
3. snuffles in rabbits
4. pneumonia: secondary invader, cattle, pigs, sheep
5. wound infection: carnivores, humans
- mainly type C oral flora: entry via bites, scratches, licking
6. atopic rhinitis in pigs

Front 8

atopic rhinitis in pigs

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atopic rhinitis in pigs:
- P multocida Type D: alone or in combo with Bordetella
- colonization by pathogenic strains + for dermonecrotoxin: lyses turbinate bones, deviation of nasal septum
- predisp: overcrowding, poor ventilation, ammonia in air, lack of piglet immunity

Front 9

P. multocida virulence

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P. multocida virulence:
1. capsule: virulent strains resist phagocytosis
2. endotoxin: fever, intravascular coagulation, hemorrhage, necrotic foci in liver (chicken)
3. exotoxin: produced by type D strains (heat-labile, cytotoxic), dermonecrotoxin

Front 10

P. multocida dx

Back 10

P. multocida dx:
1. blood or spleen smears in septicemia forms: coccobacilli
2. culture blood, spleen: non-hemolytic, no growth on Mac
3. culture exudates: lung or transtracheal wash
4. culture nasal swabs: pigs (atrophic rhinits), rabbits (snuffles)

Front 11

P. multocida tx, control

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P. multocida tx, control:
1. trimethoprim-sulfa, rabbits chloramphenicol or TC
2. vaccs: resp inf cattle, only partially effective
- hemorrhagic septicemia: good, serotype specific
- avian cholera: live attenuated vaccs in drinking water
- pigs: bacterin for sows and 5-8 week old piglets

Front 12

Mannheimia hemolytica

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Mannheimia hemolytica:
- G- coccobacilli
- present in URT of normal cattle
- BA: hemolytic
- predisposition: transportation, overcrowding, poor ventilation, fatigue

Front 13

Shipping fever in cattle inf

Back 13

Shipping fever in cattle inf
- M. hemolytica
1. stress dec mucocilliary clearance mechanism
2. MH multiplies in nasopharynx
3. trachea, lung releases toxin, inflammation, fibrinous pneumonia
4. downward drainage of initial exudates
5. hard lobes
- viruses: PI-3 and BSRV, mycoplasma contributory factors

Front 14

Shipping fever in cattle signs

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shipping fever in cattle signs:
1. dyspnea
2. fever
3. soft cough
4. nasal discharge
5. anorexia
6. open-mouth breathing
- acute: death
- lungs: antero-ventral lobes most affected, fibrin deposition, lesions

Front 15

M. hemolytica virulence

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M. hemolytica virulence:
1. capsule: not always visible, helps colonization
2. endotoxin: especially septicemia
3. leukotoxin: lysis, impairs lung defense

Front 16

M. hemolytica small R

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M. hemolytica small R:
1. pneumonia: pathogensis similar to cattle
2. septicemia: young
3. mastitis, "blue bag": rare, often fatal due to endotoxemia, eg Scotland

Front 17

M. hemolytica dx, tx

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M. hemolytica dx:
1. smear
2. culture
3. suitable specimens: transtracheal aspirate (not nasal swab) or lung at necropsy
4. mastitis in sheep: milk samples
- tx: ceftiofur, florfenicol

Front 18

M. hemolytica vaccs

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M. hemolytica vaccs:
1. dev at Guelph (OVC) elicits Ab vs leukotoxin and surface Ags
2. live attenuated: cannot used w/ antibiotics
3. small R: NONE

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Francisella tularensis

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Francisella tularensis:
- tularemia
- zoonotic dz
- endemic: NA wildlife
1. lesions: liver, spleen
2. ln: abcess

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tularemia prevention, tx for humans

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tularemia prevention, tx for humans:
- protective clothing, hygiene
- medical attn: fever, ulcers/ swelling of cut or armpits
- streptomycin, genta

Front 21

Hemophilus and similar gen

Back 21

Hemophilus and similar:
- G- coccobacilli, pleomorphic
- small colonies
- req enriched media
- strict parasites: resp, genital, CNS
- some req: Hemim (X factor) and/or NAD (V factor)

Front 22

Hemophilus and similar phylogeny

Back 22

Hemophilus and similar:
- new taxonomy based on genetic relationship w/ H. influenzae
1. H. pleuropneumoniae= Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae as genetically more related to A. ligniersii
2. H. equigenitalis= Taylorella equigenitalis
3. H. somnus= Histophilus somni

Front 23

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae gen

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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae:
- swine only: contagious pleuropneumonia
- several serotypes in USA, Canada
- mortality +++ in dz-free herds: acute in 24 hr
- Ab protect against homologous types, some cross- protection
- immunity: colostrum for piglets

Front 24

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae dz

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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae dz:
- symptoms: fever, bleeding from mouth and nose, necrotizing vasculitis in lung leading to hemm
- pregnant: septicemia kills fetii
- young: septicemia, death
- survivors: chronic lesions, abscessation. pleuritic adhesions affecting growth

Front 25

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae virulence

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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae virulence:
1. capsule: anti-phagocytic
2. endotoxin: thrombi, interlobular edema, damage to vasculature
3. cytotoxins: mac toxins, hemolytic toxin

Front 26

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae dx

Back 26

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae dx:
- BA with staph streak: 24-48 hours tiny hemolytic colonies appear near staph streak (V factor is supplied by Staph)

Front 27

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae control

Back 27

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae control:
1. screening w/ commercial ELISA kits: serum samples tested for Ab
2. clean herd: introduce only serologically - animals
3. vaccs: reduce mortality
4. Antibiotics: early tx w/ Tiamulin, reduces mortality but carriers remain

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Hemophilus parasuis gen

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Hemophilus parasuis:
- non-hemolytic
- many normal pigs: in nasopharynx
1. resp dz following SIV infection: pneumonia, death
2. Glasser's dz: polyserostitis, arthritis

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Glasser's dz

Back 29

Glasser's dz:
- Hemophilus parasuis--> mucosa--> blood--> serosal, synovial surfaces
- 5-8 week piglets, stress predisp
- SPF pigs: dz ++
- bacterins may help control
1. fibrinous polyserositis, pleuritis, peritonitis
2. meningitis: paddling movements in young pigs
3. pyexia, lameness, recumbency, convulsions, death

Front 30

Histophilus somni gen

Back 30

Histophilus somni:
- cattle
- habitat: nasal cavity, prepuce, vagina
- endogenous inapparent inf
- stress, exhaustion, unknown properties of inf trigger dz
- spread via urine splash, infected semen

Front 31

Histophilus somni dz

Back 31

Histophilus somni:
1. peracute: death
2. less acute: fever, staggering, knuckling of fetlock, somnolence, circling, blindness, coma, death
3. lesions in CNS: meningitis, thrombosis, necrosis, hemorrhagic areas in brain
4. lesions in retina
5. respiratory: bronchopneumonia
6. myocarditis: following septicemia
7. endometritis, abortion
8. arthritis

Front 32

Histophilus somni pathogenesis

Back 32

Histophilus somni pathogenesis:
1. septicemia
2. attachment to vascular endothelial cells
3. platelet aggregation
4. coagulation
5. thrombosis

Front 33

Histophilus somni dx

Back 33

Histophilus somni dx:
- culture: blood, brain, spleen, liver, fetal stomach contents, placenta, prepuce washing from untreated cases
- BA, 10% CO2

Front 34

Histophilus somni tx, control

Back 34

Histophilus somni tx, control:
- antibiotics: oxytetracycline, early important
- test, monitor bulls
- culture semen, prepuce washing
- ELISA
- vaccs: dec morbidity and mortality

Front 35

Taylorella equigenitalis dz

Back 35

Taylorella equigenitalis dz:
- contagious equine metritis (CEM)
- US, Canada free
- uterine inflammation, edema, mucopurulent exudate

Front 36

Taylorella equigenitalis dx

Back 36

Taylorella equigenitalis dx:
- copious vaginal discharge
- BA, G- rods in smear
- reportable dz in USA and Canada

Front 37

Bordetella

Back 37

Bordetella:
1. bronchiseptica: animal pathogen, rarely causes human dz
2. pertussis: whooping cough in kids

Front 38

canine tracheobronchitis: ITB

Back 38

canine tracheobronchitis (ITB):
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
- mostly sec to viral inf
- young dogs
- aerosol localized to URT
- 2-3 weeks: inflamm, mucous, coughing
- 2-3 mo: retching, vomiting, shedding

Front 39

canine tracheobronchitis (ITB) pathogenesis

Back 39

canine tracheobronchitis (ITB) pathogenesis:
- predisp: viral inf
1. attachment to cilia
2. extracellular adenyllate cyclase: paralyzes cilia
3. inflammation, mucous accumulation

Front 40

canine tracheobronchitis (ITB) dx

Back 40

canine tracheobronchitis (ITB) dx:
- aspirate culture
- G- coccobacilli
- grows on Mac

Front 41

canine tracheobronchitis (ITB) tx, control

Back 41

canine tracheobronchitis (ITB) :
-tx if cough persists or bronchopneumonia present
- TMS, tetracycline, or enrofloxacin: bases on sensitivity
- vaccs: annual live intranasal, etc

Front 42

Feline bronchopneumonia

Back 42

Feline bronchopneumonia:
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
- younger cats: systemic manifestations cyanosis, death
- dog to cat inf reported
- vacc: live intranasal

Front 43

Atrophic rhinitis in swine

Back 43

Atrophic rhinitis in swine:
- B. bronchiseptica + P. multocida
- 1-8 weeks old: lesions start
- cilitoxin of B.b and dermonecrotoxins: lysis of turbinates, eventual loss/ deviation of nasal septum
- occasionally pneumonia
- epistaxis, sneezing, coughing

Front 44

Bordetella avium

Back 44

Bordetella avium:
- turkey coryza
- occlusion of nares due to exudate, open-mouthed breathing