2 Bacti: Cocci

Front 1

strep gen

Back 1

strep: (+), pairs or chains
- catalase (-)
- BA variable hemolysis: beta, alpha or gamma/ complete, partial, none
- serological classification via latex agglutination into Lancefield groups: A, B, C, D, F, G

Front 2

strep hemolytic types

Back 2

strep hemolytic types:
1. beta: S. equi
2. alpha: S. uberis, S. pneumoniae

Front 3

strep pathogenesis

Back 3

strep pathogenesis:
- commensals or obligate pathogens of skin, mucous membranes (long term survival of host poor)
- endogenous or exogenous inf
- pyogenic, often localized inf
- septicemia, meningitis in young animals

Front 4

strep virulence factors

Back 4

strep virulence factors:
1. capsule: anti-phagocytic
2. anti-phagocytic surface components: M protein
3. hemolysins (steptolysins): beta more pathogenic than alpha hem strep
4. hylauronidase (streptokinase): fibrinolysin

Front 5

strep virulence enzymes

Back 5

strep virulence enzymes:
1. hemolysin: lyses RBCs
2. streptokinase: indirectly digests fibrin clots
3. hyaluronidase: digests ground substance of CT

Front 6

Strep canis

Back 6

Strep canis:
- hosts: dogs, cats
- commensal of anal and vaginal mucosa
- suppurative conditions: puppy strangles, juvenile pyoderma, lymphadenitis
- TSS
- neonatal septicemia in kittens
- necrotizing fascitis/ myositis reported

Front 7

Strep equi gen

Back 7

Strep equi gen:
- subsp: equi, GrC
- obligate pathogen
- mucoid beta hemolytic colonies

Front 8

Strep equi pathway

Back 8

Strep equi pathway:
1. horse to horse via fomites: oral/ nasal
2. attachment to tonsilar crypt mucosa
3. ln: mandibular, retropharyngeal, cervical
4. swelling, pus
5. occlusion of respiratory pathway

Front 9

strep equi complications

Back 9

strep equi complications:
- rupture of submandibular ln: discharge of highly infectious material
- purulent pharyngitis, lymphadenitis, occasionally inhalation pneumonia
- shedding up to 6 weeks
- rarely bastard strangles: abcesses in many organs

Front 10

strep equi symptoms

Back 10

Strep equi symptoms:
- fever
- nasal discharge
- mild cough
- difficulty swallowing
- swollen ln of head and neck
- bastard strangles (chronic form): weight loss, dyspnea, abcesses

Front 11

Strep equi dx

Back 11

Strep equi dx:
- clinical signs
- culture discharge: B hem mucoid colonies, Gr C, sugar fermentation tests

Front 12

Strep equi tx, control

Back 12

Strep equi tx, control:
- Pen: infected and prophylactic to others
- isolation, quaratine of new horses
- vaccs: bacterin, M protein extract, modified live intranasal vaccine= all partially effective

Front 13

Strep equi zooepidemicus

Back 13

Strep equi zooepidemicus:
- smear: short chains, infl cells
- beta hemolytic
- differentiate based on sugar fermentation reactions
- equine pneumonia, endometritis

Front 14

Strep agalactae

Back 14

Strep agalactae:
-mostly beta hem
- CAMP (+): arrowhead pattern
- exclusively associated with mammary gland, recurring mastitis

Front 15

mastitis strep

Back 15

mastitis Strep:
1. agalactae
2. dysgalactiae
3. uberis

Front 16

Strep dysgalactiae

Back 16

Strep dysgalactiae:
- alpha hem, CAMP (-)
- acute mastitis
- commensal: buccal cavity, genitalia, skin of udder

Front 17

Strep uberis

Back 17

Strep uberis:
- alpha hem, CAMP (-)
- acute mastitis
- skin, tonsils, vagina, feces
- environmental: associated with bedding, straw

Front 18

mastitis tx

Back 18

mastitis tx:
- pen or clavamox intramammary for staph or strep mastitis

Front 19

multipoint mastitits control program

Back 19

multipoint mastitits control program:
1. maintain clean, dry environment
2. establish regular sanitizing, maintenance of milking equipment
3. individual wash/dry towels, teat dip
4. dry-cow therapy
5. somatic cell count monitoring, culling

Front 20

Strep porcinus

Back 20

Strep porcinus: hog strangles
- lymphadenitis: abcesses in mandibular, pharyngeal and other ln
- not common
- carriers: tonsils and intestine --> infection to other pigs

Front 21

Strep porcinus dx and control

Back 21

Strep porcinus:
1. dx: clin findings, exudate culture and typing
2. control: tetracyclines in feed at weaning time
- early weaning reduces clin cases
- vacc not effective

Front 22

Strep suis

Back 22

Strep suis:
- human infection purpura and gangrene
- toxic shock syndrome
- most tx by Pen, amp

Front 23

Strep suis dz

Back 23

Strep suis dz:
- stress prediposes
- meningitis, arthritis, septicemia in young pigs
- endocarditis, pneumonia, abortion
- dx: smear, culture, typing
- human: purpura and gangrene, TSS

Front 24

Strep suis tx, control

Back 24

Strep suis tx, control:
- pen, amp, tiamulin
- control: red stress factors, repeated vacc with bacterins (short-acting)

Front 25

Staph gen

Back 25

Staph gen:
- G + clusters
- Catalase +, unlike Strep
- >30 spp: mostly commensals of skin, mucous mem
- purulent lesions
- multiply readily in milk, cheese
- survives in hospital environment

Front 26

Staph pathogenicity

Back 26

Staph pathogenicity:
- pyogenic
- opportunistic: injuries, lowered defense
- virulence dep on spp:
1. coagulase: clots plasma (aureus, intermedius)
2. hemolysins: aureus, intermedius
3. tissue destroying toxins, enz: lipase, hyaluronidase, exfoliative toxins, leukocidin
4. enterotoxin: diarrhea (humans)
5. beta lactamases: destroy pen, cephalosporins

Front 27

Staph dz

Back 27

Staph dz:
- all spp: skin infections, suppurative wound inf, abcesses, jt infections
1. R: mastitis, tick pyemia (lambs)
2. swine: dermatitis (young), mastitis, greasy pig dz
3. dogs: otitis externa, UTI, erythematous skin inf, vag inf
4. cats: sec skin inf
5. horses: botryomycosis (spermatic cord), dermatitis/ folliculitis in saddle area
6. poultry: bumble foot, arthritis
7. pet birds: diarrhea
8. chinchilla: septicemia

Front 28

Staph aureus

Back 28

Staph aureus:
- double zone hemolysis
- most strains virulent
- inf in all spp
- bovine mastitis

Front 29

Staph intermedius

Back 29

Staph intermedius:
- double zone hemolysis
- skin commensal of dogs
- pyoderma, otitis, UTI, eye infections

Front 30

Staph epidermidis

Back 30

Staph epidermidis:
- non-hemolytic
- skin commensal
- mostly non-pathogenic

Front 31

Staph hycius

Back 31

Staph hycius:
- non-hemolytic
- greasy pig dz: exudative epidermitis

Front 32

Staph dx, prevention

Back 32

Staph:
- dx: smear, culture, Ab sensitivity, catalase, coagulase, ID ( eg API-Staph)
- bacterins: limited use, chronic inf
- hygiene, asepstic sx (chlorhex), iodine-based teat dips

Front 33

Staph tx

Back 33

Staph tx:
- sensitivity test first
1. Pen
2. Amoxy, clavamox
3. cephalosporins
4. mastitis: cloxacillin, methicillin, vancomycin (last resort)

Front 34

Bovine mastitis

Back 34

Bovine mastitis:
- Staph aureus
- can be acute, subacute, chronic, subclinical
- peracute (gangrenous): fever, depression, anorexia, recumbency, tachycardia
- dx: culture, somatic cell count (SCC), CA mastitis test
- tx: antimicro test req, intramammary infusion (IM, IV)
- hygenic precautions, dry-cow therapy, SCC monitoring program, culling

Front 35

Staph intermedius

Back 35

Staph intermedius:
- normal skin: predom type coag +
- double zone hemolysis
- dogs: pyoderma, otitis externa
- susceptibility test req for proper tx
- tx: clavamox, cepha, baytril, pen resistance common

Front 36

Staph hycius

Back 36

Staph hycius:
- exudative epidermatis (greasy pig) in 1-6 weeks old
- commensal: skin, vag, prepuce
- entry: abrasions, bite wounds
- excessive sebacious sec, exfoliation on skin surface --> non-pruritic dermatitis--> anorexia, dehydration--> death of severely affected
- tx: TMS (systemic, local), antiseptics (centrimide), fluids
- autogenous bacterins (exfoliative toxin) in sows