2-6: 5/9: Intro To Endo/hormones

Front 1

Autocrine vs Endocrine vs Paracrine

Back 1

Autocrine: hormone acts on self

Endocrine: hormone acts downstream

Paracrine: hormone acts on adjacent cell

Front 2

What are the three classes of hormones?

Back 2

1)Peptides, Proteins

2)Amines (tyrosine derivative)

3)Steroids (Cholesterol derivative)

Front 3

Peptide Hormones:
Describe synthesis
Where are they stored?
Discuss solubility
What determines clearance?

Back 3

Peptide Hormones:
Synthesized as LARGE precursors
Stored in vesicles
Water-soluble, but IGF-1 has carrier protein
Clearance determined by degradation/binding

Front 4

IGF-1: class of hormone

Back 4

Peptide

Front 5

Tyrosine Derivatives (Amines):
Describe synthesis
Where are they stored?
Discuss Solubility

Back 5

Tyrosine Derivs:
Thryoid Gland joins and iodinizes 2 molecules to form T3/T4 (REQUIRES IODINE)

Adrenal Medulla uses single tyrosine precursor to make NE, Epi

Storage:
T3/T4 stored in thryoglobulin (protein), cleaved from TG when released by THRYOID BINDING GLOBULIN (only free hormone is active), LIPID soluble

E, NE stored in secretory vesicles, water soluble, loosely bind albumin

Front 6

Steroid Hormones:
Describe synthesis
Where are they stored?
Discuss solubility

Back 6

Synthesis occurs in adrenal cortex, gonads, placenta is built on CHOLESTEROL
(cholesterol storage form = cholesterol-ester)

Steroid hormones are LIPID SOLUBULE
Bound steroid = stored steroid (only free hormone is active; bound steroids are a reservoir)

Front 7

Discuss the regulatory feedback of T3/T4.

Back 7

Hthal: TRH→Pit: TSH→Thy:T3/T4→Targets

T3/T4 inhibits Hthal TRH, Pit TSH

Front 8

Which hormone receptors on cell membranes also act as kinases?

Back 8

Receptor kinases (receptor = kinase): Insulin, IGF-1/11

Front 9

Which hormone receptors on cell membranes are associated with kinases?

Back 9

Receptor-linked kinases—GH, PL, Cytokines

Front 10

Which hormones on cell membranes are G-protein coupled?

Back 10

LH, FSH, TSH, ACTH, E/NE, Glucagon

Front 11

Nuclear hormone receptors also act as _________.

Back 11

Transcription factors

Front 12

Which hormones bind nuclear receptors?

Back 12

Hormones that are lipophilic!
Steroids (act in cytosol and nucleus)
T4, T3 (act In nucleus) when not bound

Front 13

How do cell membrane receptors “do more” than nuclear receptors?

Back 13

Cell membrane receptors are also involved in protein synthesis, activation/inactivation of enzymes

Front 14

What two defects can lead to hormone resistance?

Back 14

Defects in receptors
Defects in second messengers