2-6: 5/31: Obesity Pathophysiology And Management I

Front 1

BMI > 25 =

Back 1

Overweight

Front 2

Normal BMI =

Back 2

19-25

Front 3

BMI > 30 =

Back 3

Obesity

Front 4

Which body habitus has a lower vascular risk?

Back 4

Lower body (pear) habitus = lower cardiovascular risk

Upper body (apple): higher CV risk

Front 5

Health consequences of mild obesity (BMI of 30)?

Back 5

DM!!, HTN!!, Ischemic Heart Dz!, Stroke, Brca

Front 6

Afferent signals
Chronic adaptive signals
Efferent

Back 6

expansion of stomach, fullness

adipose tissue

efferent: behavior (hunger), autonomic neuro (...)

Brown adipose tissue may serve as ?????

Front 7

Set point for body energy stores

Back 7

If deplete energy stores-->
Downregulation of thyroid to save energy
Food seeking behaviors

Front 8

Survival advantage of obesity?

Back 8

-Protect against periods of famine (on the order of months)

Front 9

Obesity is a disorder resulting from a failure of ________ weight regulatory mechanisms.

Back 9

NORMAL wt regulatory mechs

Front 10

Overeating is a ____________ of the disorder designated obesity.

Back 10

Overeating is a symptom of obesity, NOT THE PRIMARY CAUSE

Front 11

ob/ob factor AKA __________

Effect on injection in obese mice?

Back 11

LEPTIN

Inject with leptin-->suppresses appetite and obesity

Front 12

Leptin deficiencies can result in _______

Back 12

obesity

Front 13

Leptin function

Back 13

Calorie deprivation, leptin has great effects (increase appetite)

in calorie excess, leptin doesn't have much of an effect

Front 14

Describe each step of the leptin pathway.

Effects of mutations early/late in the pathway?

Back 14

Mutations along this pathway can lead to obesity (2-5%).

Leptin-->Leptin Receptor-->POMC-->MSH-->MC4 (hthal): dec'd food intake and inc'd energy expenditure

Mutation later in the pathway is less severe

Front 15

Leptin (decreases/increases) feeding by ______.

Back 15

DECREASES

Front 16

Brown fat: function

Back 16

Generate body heat in animals or newborns that do not shiver.

Front 17

Genetics ______ obesity
Environment _______ obesity
Psychology _______ obesity

Back 17

Genetics allows obesity
Environment facilitates obesity (ex: SES)
Psychology exacerbates (ex: depression)

Front 18

Individuals with a BMI of 25-29.9 OR ______ reduce weight by _____.

Back 18

Men: waist >40
Women: waist >35

AND 2 or more risk factors

Reduce weight by 10% !!!
(1-2 lbs per week)

Front 19

Rough estimate of current daily calorie intake.

Reduce caloric intake by _______ calories a day to lose 2 lbs/week.

Back 19

Estimate current weight in pounds multiply by 12 (daily calories per day)

Reduce intake by 1000 calories a day to reduce 2 lb/week.

Front 20

Daily calorie limits for someone <200 lbs, and someone >200 lbs.

Back 20

<200 lbs: 100-1200 cals; 22-40 g fat (20-30%)

>200 lbs: 1500-1800 cals; 22-40 g fat (20-30%)

Front 21

Fat: ____ cals/g
Carbs: ____ cals/g
Protein: ____ cals/g
EtOH: _____ cals/g

Back 21

Fat: 9 cals/g
Carbs: 4 cals/g
Protein: 4 cals/g
EtOH: 7 cals/g

Front 22

Weight loss is best maintained by __________.

Why do meal replacements have better weight loss outcomes?

Back 22

A varied, low-calorie diet

Meal replacements are calorie controlled and allow for diverse food options

Front 23

Physical activity goal (calories burned)

Back 23

1000 calories per week

(150 lb person who walks 1 mile will use 100 cal)

(150 min of physical activity a week)

Front 24

Behavioral Strategies for Weight Loss:
Weigh yourself _____

Self-monitor diet and _______

Change ______ in environment

Back 24

weigh daily to catch small changes in weight

Self-monitor diet and exercise (write down what you eat, and how many calories you're burning)

Change cues in environment: don't associate food with certain situations (popcorn with movies); think about who you associate with (when 1 person gains weight, people they associate with gain weight)