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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bacteriostatic drugs should be used for patients with ________ host defenses.
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Extant (EXISTANT)
Prevent bacterial growth--kill multiplying bacteria |
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Bactericidal drugs should be used for patients with ________ host defenses.
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Compromised!
Kill multiplying AND non-multiplying bacteria |
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Combination therapy:
Antagonism vs Indifference vs Synergy |
Antagonism: Two drugs negate each other's effects
Indifference: No difference but may increase toxicity Synergy: Combination increases anti-microbial activity |
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Immunization vs Vaccination
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Immunization: induction or provision of immunity by any means (passive, active)
Vaccination: administration of a vaccine |
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What disease was eradicated worldwide in 1979?
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Smallpox
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What disease is within sight of eradication as of 2011?
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Polio
(Recent outbreaks occur where immunization programs have broken down) |
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What is the leading cause of death among young children?
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Measles
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Active vs Passive Immunization
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Active: Induction of antibody and other immune mechs to prevent infectious dz's
Passive: Administration of exogenously produced antibodies to provide temporary tx or prevention of ID Active immunization leads to prolonged immunity (preferred method of prevention) |
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What is a monoclonal antibody?
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Derived from a single type (or clone) of antibody-producing cells
Ab is specific to a single antigen (used for dx and tx of Ca's, AutoImmune Conds and ID's) |
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Live attenuated vaccines vs Inactivated:
Requirements Immunity Induced (CMI vs Humoral) Dose Scheduling Subtypes |
Live attenuated: immunogenic but not disease causing (viral, bacterial)
MUST REPLICATE TO BE EFFECTIVE Induces CMI and Humoral ONE DOSE (unless PO) Inactivated: Whole (virus, bacteria) Fractional (protein based: subunit, TOXOID) Polysaccharide-based: Pure, Conjugate Requires 3-5 doses (min interference from circulating Ab) Cannot replicate MOSTLY HUMORAL RESPONSE |
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Under what conditions will Pure Polysaccharide Vaccines exhibit a booster response?
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If PURE polysaccharide (no protein), you're going to have a T cell independent response thus, NO BOOSTER RESPONSE
Need to conjugate it with protein to make it into a T CELL DEPENDENT AB RESPONSE Then will exhibit booster response |
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Adverse Event vs Adverse Reaction
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Adverse Event: any event following vaccination, may be true adverse rxn or coincidental
Adverse rxn: extraneous effect CAUSED BY VACCINE (a side effect) |
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Contraindication vs Precaution
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Contraindication: a condition in a recipient which GREATLY increases change of serious adverse reaction
Precaution: Condition which may increase change or severity of an adverse reaction or may compromise ability of vaccine to produce immunity |
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Clinical Trials Phases
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I: determine safe dosage
II: study effectiveness III: compare to standard tx |
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What is the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program?
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No fault program which covers all routinely recommended childhood vaccines
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What is the tetanus vaccine given in combination with?
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Diphtheria
Pertussis |
