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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the different organelles?
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Animal:
Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosome, Mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus, Centrioles, Lysosomes, Vacuoles. Plants: Chloroplasts, Cell Wall, |
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Nucleus
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This is often referred to as the 'brain' of the cell. Nucleus functions control all other activities that are carried on within the cell. The nucleus consists of a nuclear membrane, chromatins and a nucleolus, it also contains among other things, chromosomes. There may be one or more nuclei in a cell; a nucleus is absent in prokaryotic cells.
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Cell Membrane
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Gives structure and shape to the cell and is responsible for holding the organelles together. The cell membrane function includes providing protection and it is selectively permeable (allows liquids and gases to pass through it) in nature, since it has the ability to control what enters and leaves the cell.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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This is a network of tubes, sacs and membranes, responsible for transporting material from one part of the cell to another. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum; rough endoplasmic reticulum (lined with ribosomes) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (lacking ribosomes/embedded ribosomes).
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Ribosomes
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Ribosomes are thousands of tiny spherical structures that are made of RNA and protein enzymes. Ribosomes function includes helping out in protein synthesis process.
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What is RNA?
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Ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information
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Define the plasma membrane, its components...
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• The plasma membrane is conceptualized
by the fluid mosaic model • a sheet of lipids with embedded proteins • the lipid bilayer forms the foundation of the membrane • the fat molecules comprising the lipid layers are called phospholipids |
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Phospholipid (Explaination)
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• A phospholipid has a
polar head and two nonpolar tails • The polar region is comprised of a phosphate chemical group and is water-soluble • The non-polar region is comprised of fatty acids and is water-insoluble |
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Phospholipid Sandwhich (lipid bilayer)
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• A lipid bilayer forms spontaneously whenever a
collection of phospholipids is placed in water. The Water loving (Polar, hydrophilic) ends are on opposite sides while... The water hating (non-polar, hydrophobic) sides are inside being protected. NO WATER CAN GO INTO IT! -its so allergic :( |
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Cholesterol...
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cholesterol is also found in the interior
• it affects the fluid nature of the membrane • its accumulation in the walls of blood vessels can cause plaques • plaques lead to cardiovascular disease |
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Membrane Proteins:
Another major component of the plasma membrane is... |
• Another major component of the plasma membrane
is a collecton of membrane proteins -some proteins form channels that span the membrane • these are called transmembrane proteins |
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Membrane Proteins:
Another compnent of the plasma membrane. |
• Another major component of the plasma membrane
is a collection of membrane proteins - other proteins are integrated into the structure of the membrane • for example, cell surface proteins are attached to the outer surface of the membrane and act as markers |
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Proteins are embedded within the Lipid Bilayer? (T or F)
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TRUEEEEE :P
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