Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Primary Motor Cortex:
Input/output Signs of Dysfunction |
Input: VL thal, primary somatosensory
Output: Internal capsule Dysfn: flacid hemiparesis/hemiplegia on contralateral side followed by spasticity |
|
|
Spatial vs Object Alteration: related to which region of brain?
|
Spatial: animal stuck on first rewarded side, won't look on other side (perseverate)
Object:snack under cylinger/rectangle, will only look under cylinder Prefrontal Lesions-->difficulty alternating |
|
|
Premotor Cortex:
Input/output Signs of Dysfunction |
Input: VA thal, secondary somatosensory
Output: Motor cortex and contralateral premotor area (via CC) Signs of Dysfn: Apraxia, contralateral fine motor deficits, difficulty using sensory feedback |
|
|
Functions of premotor cortex
|
Integration of sensory and motor information
Praxis (learned motor movements--stamping, addressing, mailing an envelope) |
|
|
Functions of frontal eye field.
|
Volitional eye movement in contralateral visual field (NOT PASSIVE EYE MOVEMENT)
Active visual search (can follow finger with eye, but can't look to left on command) |
|
|
Frontal eye field:
Signs of dysfunction |
Failure to move eyes volitionally to contralateral visual field
Intact passive eye movement Poor visual search |
|
|
Dorsolateral Cortex:
Function Signs of Dysfunction |
Integration of multimodal sensory info
Generation of multiple response alternatives Selection of appropriate response Spatial working memory Maintenance of set, persistence Set shifting, flexibility Dysfn: Trouble integrating sensory info Generation of few, stereotyped response alternatives Poor judgment in response selection Impersistence Perseveration |
|
|
Patient is asked to draw as many different objects as possible. Ends up drawing objects similar to each other.
Area of dysfunction? |
Dorsolateral Cortex
(Figural Fluency) |
|
|
Describe the Figural Fluency Test
|
Draw as many diff objects as you can
(Dorsolateral Cortex) |
|
|
A patient has difficulty completing a pattern of x's and o's.
Area of dysfunction? |
Dorsolateral Cortex
Luria's test |
|
|
Describe Luria's Test
|
Continue pattern of x's and o's or plateaus and peaks
Dorsolateral Cortex |
|
|
What is executive function? Associated brain region?
|
Executive process = ability to utilize sensory input from multiple modalities (visual, auditory) in generation of appropriate responses
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex |
|
|
A patient begins drawing the face of a clock and numbers it from 1-22.
Dysfunction of what brain area? |
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
(poor executive ability) |
|
|
A patient is unable to identify pictures of different parts of a key as a key.
Dysfunction of what brain area? |
Dorsolateral prefc
Poor executive ability |
|
|
A patient is given an image to copy and later draw from memory. He performs poorly on both.
Area of dysfunction? |
Frontal lobes: poor organization of learning/recall
|
|
|
Orbitofrontal Cortex:
Input/output Signs of Dysfunction |
Orbitofrontal
Input: limbic/olfactory, ventral visual Output: autonomic musculature, endocrine system (cholinergic, caudate, autonomic system) Signs of Dysfn: Disinhibition, socially inappropriate behavior Failure on feature working memory tasks ANOSMIA (can't recognize smells) Confabulation |
|
|
Go-No Go tasks test what?
|
Orbitofrontal cortex
|
|
|
A patient is instructed to draw a cross and instead draws an ambulance.
Area of dysfunction? |
Orbitofrontal cortex (intrusion and disinhibition)
|
|
|
Cingulate/SMA:
Functions Signs of dysfunction |
Cingulate/SMA
Fn: drive, motivation, environmental exploration, complex attention Dysfn: Apathi, akinetic mutism, ALIEN HAND SYNDROME, complex attentional deficits, delayed habituation |
|
|
Small subcortical lesions can mimic ______________________
|
large cortical lesions
(parallel but separate connections to caudate and thalamus) |
|
|
Give examples of frontal release signs. What are they indicative of?
|
Frontal release signs: snout, suck, glabellar, grasp
Indicative of frontal lobe damage as as Gegenhalten (patient resists movement, can't inhibit autonomic stretch reflexes) and Cogwheeling Frontal or magnetic gaits also indicative of frontal injury |
|
|
Psychiatric effects of frontal dysfunction?
|
Shziophrenia
Delusions Depression OCD Frontotemporal Dementia... |
|
|
Symptoms of Korsakoff's Syndrome
|
Dysinhibited behavior, aboulia (lack of will/motivation)--no concern for environment
|
|
|
A patient begins copying x's and o's correctly, but then begins calling you hot stuff.
Diagnosis? |
Korsakoff's Syndrome: intrusions and disinhibition
|
|
|
FTD vs AD
|
FTD: early changes in behavior and personality, deficits in executive and inhibitory fns, anterior atrophy
AD: Preservation of personality and social bhvr Deficits in naming and construction, frank amnesia after delay Generalized and hippocampal atrophy |
