-2- 2 Micro

Front 1

Electronegativity

Back 1

Measure of the attraction of an atom for an electron.

Front 2

Polar covalent bonds

Back 2

Formed btwn 2 atoms with DIFFERENT ectronegativities.

Front 3

Nonpolar covalent bonds

Back 3

The shared pair of electrons are attracted equally by 2 atoms.

Front 4

Hydrogen bonds

Back 4

Weak attraction btwn 2 atoms (one of which is hydrogen) bearing partial electrical charges.

heat breaks these bonds.

Front 5

Chemical reactions

Back 5

Occur when chemical bonds are formed or broken.
Collisions btwn molecules may result in formation of new compounds.

Front 6

Water
pH
Acid base balance

Back 6

What are some important biological molecules?

Front 7

Cohesive and Adhesive
High Specific Heat
Thermal conductivity
High boiling point
High heat of vaporation
High freezing point
A good solvent

Back 7

What are the characteristics of a water molecule?

Front 8

Cohesion

Back 8

Holding together of like substances
Hydrogen bonds hold H20 molecules tightly together -> surface tension.

Front 9

Adhesion

Back 9

Holding together of different substances -> capillary action.

Front 10

High specific heat

Back 10

Can absorb a lot of heat energy without its temp. increasing much, and must lose a lot of heat to lower its temp.

Front 11

Thermal conductivity

Back 11

Heat rapidly spreads. No hot spots.

Front 12

High boiling point

Back 12

changing from liquid to gas through kinetic energy.

Front 13

High heat of vaporization

Back 13

Prevents excess loss of water in lakes and ponds.

Front 14

High freezing Point

Back 14

Water is less dense when frozen.
Water expands upon freezing and floats.
Ice is a good insulator.
Preserves life in lakes and ponds.

Front 15

A good solvent

Back 15

Dissolves more different substances than any other known ligquid.

Front 16

pH

Back 16

Measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

Front 17

Hydrogen ion

Back 17

H+

Front 18

Hydroxide ion

Back 18

OH-

Front 19

pH

Back 19

acidic
basic
buffers

Front 20

acidic

Back 20

Increases the hydrogen ion conc. of a solution.

Front 21

Basic

Back 21

Decrease the hydrogen ion conc. of a solution.

Front 22

buffers

Back 22

minimizes changes in pH

Front 23

acidosis

Back 23

pH drops below 7.3

can cause coma.

below 6.9 is fatal.

Front 24

alkalosis

Back 24

pH goes above 7.5

can cause convulsions, cessation of respiration (apnea)

pH 7.8 causes tetany

Front 25

Acid base balance

Back 25

acidosis
alkalosis

Front 26

26

Back 26

How many elements are living organisms composed of?

Front 27

Hydrogen
Carbon
Oxygen
Nitrogen

Back 27

What are the most abdundant chemical elements in living organisms?

Front 28

Organic compounds

Back 28

Carbon containing compounds

Front 29

4
elements

Back 29

Carbon has __ electrons in its outer most shell and can easily bond with other carbon atoms as well as other _________.

Front 30

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids

Back 30

Name 4 macromolecules.

Front 31

Macromolecules

Back 31

large organic polymers

Front 32

Polymerization Reactions

monomers

Back 32

Link 2 or more small molecules to for large molecules with repeating structural units. Macromolecules are polymers consisting of many small repeating molecules. The smaller molecules are called __________.

Front 33

Dehydration or condensation synthesis

water
energy
enzymes

Back 33

Molecules are covalently linked, resulting in the formation of a molecule of _______. One monomer loses an (OH) and the other loses a (H).

This requires ________ and _________.

Front 34

Hydrolysis

H20

Back 34

condensation reaction in reverse.

breaks covalent bonds btwn monomers by the addition of ____. H bonds to one monomer and OH binds to the adjacent monomer.

Front 35

Polysaccharides

Back 35

consist of tens or hundreds of monosaccharides joined through dehydration synthesis. Starch, glycogen, dextran, and cellulose are polymers of glucose that are covalently bonded differently. Chitin is a polymer of 2 sugars repeating many times.

Front 36

Lipids

Back 36

Are the primary components of cell membranes.
Consists of C,H, and O.
Are nonpolar and insoluble in water.

Front 37

Simple lipids

triglycerides

Back 37

Called fats or __________ contain glycerol and fatty acids

formed by dehydration synthesis.

unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds in the fatty acids.

Front 38

Complex lipids

Back 38

contain C,H, and O + P, N, or S.

Membranes are made of phospholipid.

Front 39

Macromolecules

Back 39

large organic polymers

Front 40

Polymerization Reactions

monomers

Back 40

Link 2 or more small molecules to for large molecules with repeating structural units. Macromolecules are polymers consisting of many small repeating molecules. The smaller molecules are called __________.

Front 41

Dehydration or condensation synthesis

water
energy
enzymes

Back 41

Molecules are covalently linked, resulting in the formation of a molecule of _______. One monomer loses an (OH) and the other loses a (H).

This requires ________ and _________.

Front 42

Hydrolysis

H20

Back 42

condensation reaction in reverse.

breaks covalent bonds btwn monomers by the addition of ____. H bonds to one monomer and OH binds to the adjacent monomer.

Front 43

Polysaccharides

Back 43

consist of tens or hundreds of monosaccharides joined through dehydration synthesis. Starch, glycogen, dextran, and cellulose are polymers of glucose that are covalently bonded differently. Chitin is a polymer of 2 sugars repeating many times.

Front 44

Lipids

Back 44

Are the primary components of cell membranes.
Consists of C,H, and O.
Are nonpolar and insoluble in water.

Front 45

Simple lipids

triglycerides

Back 45

Called fats or __________ contain glycerol and fatty acids

formed by dehydration synthesis.

unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds in the fatty acids.

Front 46

Complex lipids

Back 46

contain C,H, and O + P, N, or S.

Membranes are made of phospholipid.