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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do EEG recordings differ in idling and active brain states?
What are blink artifacts? |
Idling state: high amplitude, synchronized waves (alpha-waves)
Active: low amplitude desynchronized (beta-wave) Blink artifacts are recordings due to muscle contractions (blinking) |
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Describe the following in Awake, NREM, and REM states:
EMG EEG EOG Sensation/perception Thought Movement |
EMG: active, less active, inactive
EEG: asyncrhonous, more synchronous, less synchronous EOG: --, few, slow eye movmts; rapid movmts Sensation: vivid, dull, vivid Thought: Logical, logical, illogical Movmt: Continuous voluntary, episodic involuntary, commanded but inhibited |
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Compare NREM and REM for:
Muscle Tone Body temperature Autonomic NS Activity |
Muscle Tone: reduced; paralyzed (atonia)
Temp: Low temp & regulated; No thermoreg, body temp drops ANS: Psym active, low pulse, BP; Symp active, high brain temp and metabolism REM also has penile erections, clitoral engorgement |
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What are sleep spindles correlated with?
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Consolidation of memory
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What is the function of the reticular formation?
Effects of lesion to reticular formation? |
Function: important for staying awake AND falling asleep; receives/assesses sensory information
Lesion results in profound sleep-like state (but stimulation results in arousal of forebrain) |
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What role does serotonin play in the sleep cycle? When is it most active/inactive?
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Serotonin (and tryptophan precursor) promote sleep and is involves in waking.
However, raphe neurons (serotinergic) becomes inactive during REM Thus, a single NT has diff effects depending on whwat part of brain it acts on |
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What role does the norepinephrine system play in the sleep cycle? When is it most active/inactive?
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Noradrenergic cells promote arousal and are INACTIVE during REM
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What would a pontine lesion including ventral LC result in?
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REM sleep without atonia (dream enactment)
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What role does the acetylcholine system play in the sleep cycle? When isit most active/inactive?
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ACh PROMOTES REM
Muscarinic antagonists suppress REM Cholinergic neurons most active during WAKING AND REM |
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What is narcolepsy?
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persistent daytime sleepiness and irrestible sleep attacks that take you STRAIGHT to REM (sleep-onset REM)
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What is cataplexy?
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Sleep paralysis (abrupt loss of muscle tone while conscious)
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How would the EMG for normal sleep onset differ from an EMG for narcoleptic sleep-onset?
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EMG for normal sleep onset would gradually dissipate
EMG for narcoleptic sleep would go from active to flat line (straight to REM-atonia) |
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What role does hypocretin play in the sleep cycle? Effect of defect?
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Hypocretin/orexin neurons connect to other sleep centers (especially to groups that promote waking); defect would result in NARCOLEPSY
narcoleptics have a deficit in hypocretin neurons |
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Role of superchiasmatic nucleus. What do lesions result in?
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SCN determines circadian clock and is able to regulate itself independently
If lzn SCN, abolish circadian rhythms |
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What is the effect of light on the superchiasmatic nucleus? Is light neccessary for its function?
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Light hits retina which activates and entrains Superchiasmatic Nucleus which then activates transcriptional factors which influence output genes/hormones/synapses
SCN can oscillate transcripational regulators without presence of light. |
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What role does CLOCK play in the sleep cycle?
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CLOCK (Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput) establishes rhytymicity of suprachiasmatic nucleus
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