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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
True shape of earth: slightly flattened sphere, due to earth's rotation
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Oblate Spheroid
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Imaginary straight line which runs through the earth from the North Pole to the South Pole
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Axis
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All the earth's water
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Hydrosphere
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Percentage of earth's water which is salty
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97%
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Layer of gases surrounding the earth
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Atmosphere
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What are the two most abundant gases in atmosphere? What percent of the atmosphere are each?
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78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen
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Thin, solid outermost zone of the earth; makes up 1% of earth's mass
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Crust
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Crust underlying world's oceans; thin, only 5-10 km thick
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Oceanic
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Crust underlying earth's continents. Varies 32-70 km in thickness - thickest under mountains
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Continental
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Zone of rock nearly 2870 km thick which lies below the earth's outermost layer; divided into upper and lower regions, this zone makes up 2/3 of the earth's mass
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Mantle
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This is the uppermost portion of the mantle, and TOGETHER WITH THE CRUST ON TOP OF IT - forms a rigid layer which is 65-100 km thick
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Lithosphere
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Below the _________________________ (#14) this layer is about 200 km thick. It is SOLID ROCK! but because of enormous heat and pressure, this layer flows like putty
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Asthenosphere
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The term which describes the ability of a solid to flow
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Plasticity
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Forms the center of the earth, divided into inner and outer sections - made mostly of iron, this layer makes up 1/3 of the earth's mass.
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Core
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Dense layer of liquid iron about 2,190 km thick
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Outer Core
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Dense solid about 2,680 km diameter at the very center of the earth - mostly iron
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Inner Core
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Vibrations which originate at or near earth's surface due to earthquake or explosion and move through the earth 20
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Seismic Waves
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Faster of two seismic wave types; they can move through solid, liquid or gas
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P Waves
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Slower of two seismic wave types; they can only move through solid material
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S Waves
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Seismic waves travel ___________ through material which is more dense/rigid
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Faster
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Short for Mohorovocic Discontinuity, this is the boundary between the crust and the mantle. Discovered because seismic waves speed up as they leave the less dense crust and enter the more dense mantle.
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Moho
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Locations on the earth more than 103 degrees from earthquake/explosion causing seismic waves where no secondary waves are felt, due to the fact that they cannot get through the liquid outer core of the earth
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S Wave Shadow Zone
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Locations on the earth more than 103 degrees but less than 143 degrees from earthquake/explosion causing seismic waves where no primary waves are felt, due to the fact that the waves bend/change direction as they enter layers of different density as they move through the earth's interior
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P Wave Shadow Zone
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Region of space (which extends out past the atmosphere!) affected by the earth's magnetic field
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Magnetosphere
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Motions within this layer of the earth are thought to be responsible for the creation of earth's magnetic field
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Liquid Iron Outer Core
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Force of attraction which exists between all matter in the universe - the most important thing you will learn about all year. It's the LAW!
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Gravity
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The amount of matter in an object
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Mass
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The amount of gravity force exerted on a mass
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Weight
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"The amount of gravitational attraction between two objects depends upon: 1) the masses of the two objects, and 2) the distance between the two objects"
THIS DEFINITION IS SOOOOOOOO IMPORTANT. KNOW IT. KNOW IT. KNOW IT!!!! And be able to APPLY it. |
Law of Gravitation
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