1Th 10:00 - L10: Terms For Innate Immunity, Inflammation And Repair I

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adhesion molecules

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integral membrane glycoproteins forming monomeric or heterodimeric receptors mediating cell-cell interaction and cell-extracellular matrix interaction

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anaphylatoxins

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small fragments of complement components (C3a, C4a, and C5a) that, when injected into experimental animals, cause fatal shock resembling anaphylaxis

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antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

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the killing of antibody-coated cells by Fc receptor positive cells; most ADCC is mediated by natural killer cells

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chemokines

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small cytokines that are involved in the migration and activation of cells

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chemotaxis

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recruitment of cells; this is predominantly mediated by chemokines

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convertases

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C3 convertase and C5 convertase are complexes of a complement component endowed with enzymatic activity, inducing cleavage of C3 and C5 respectively

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cytokines

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proteins produced by cells that affect the behavior of other cells.
INTERLEUKINS: cytokines produced by white blood cells (leukocytes)
LYMPHOKINES: cytokines produced by lymphocytes
MONOKINES: cytokines produced by monocytes/macrophages
INTERFERONS: cytokines that can induce cells to resist viral replication
CHEMOKINES: small cytokines that are involved in the activation and migration of cells
COLONY STIMULATING FACTORS: cytokines that regulate the production of leukocytes in the bone marrow

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damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)

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molecules derived from injured tissues or cells that can drive inflammatory responses by interacting with pattern-recognition receptors. Their function is therefore similar to pathogen-associated molecular patterns

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Eicosanoids

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Any class of compounds (such as the prostaglandins, leukotrines, and thromboxanes) derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (such as arachidonic acid) and involved in cellular activity.

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Extracellular matrix

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The scaffolding made of multiple proteins such as collagens, fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, thrombospondin, and manymore, to organize cells into tissues or organs. ECM proteins are recognized by integrin receptors

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Fc receptors

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Receptors expressed by a variety of cell types that interact with the constant portion (Fc portion) of antibodies. Engagement of an Fc receptor with antigen-bound antibody mediates various effector functions such as phagocytosis

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ICAM-1, -2 (intracellular cell adhesion molecules 1 and 2)

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They contain five and two immunoglobulin-like domains, respectively. They interact with other adhesion receptors (integrins) and bind with common cold viruses and malarial parasites.

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Inflammation

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A general term for the local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and white blood cells during infection, injury, or local immune response. It is characterized by redness, swelling, pain, fever, and loss of function.

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integrins

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cell membrane glycoproteins made of two noncovalently linked polypeptide chains, alpha and beta, that form heterodimers usually with a common beta subunit. Together, they function as receptors for extracellular matrix proteins, complement components, and cell adhesion molecules on the membrane of other cells (counter-receptors, such as ICAM-1, -2).

Leukocyte integrins share a common beta_2 chain (CD18) and at least two of them, alpha_M beta_2 integrin (called MAC-1) and alpha_L beta_2 integrin (called LFA-1, Leukocyte Function Antigen-1) are expressed on phagocytic cells and lymphocytes

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Janus kinases (JAKs)

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tyrosine kinases activated by crosslinking of cytokine receptors; phosphorylate signal transudcers and activators of transcription (STATs).

JAK inhibitors (Ruxolitinib and Tofacitinib) are employed clinically for treatment of inflammatory diseases.

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Leukotrine

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Any of a group of eicosanoids that are generated in basophils, mast cells, macrophages, and human lung tissue by lipoxygenase-catalyxzed oxygenation, especially of arachidonic acid and that participate in allergic responses (such as bronchoconstriction in asthma)

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membrane attack complex

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composed of the terminal complement components, which form a pore through the membrane of the target cell

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natural killer (NK) cells

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large granular lymphocytes distinct from B and T cells that can lyse some virally infected or tumor cells

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NLR receptors (NOD-like receptors)

(NOD = nuclear oligomerization domain)

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Present mostly in the cytoplasm. Recogznize bacterial or damage-associated molecular patterns.