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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bunsen Burner
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small gas burner used to ehat tuest tubes in the lab
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Eyedropper
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allows you to add a small amount of liquid, one drop at a time
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scale
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an instrument used for weighing
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funnel
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a cone-shaped tool that helps you pour liquids or fine powders into a narrow opening
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glass slide
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thin, clear rectangular piece of glass upon which a specimen is mounted before being viewed under a microscope
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graduated cylinder
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thin, cylindrical container used to measure and pour exact amounts of liquid
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microscope
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enables you to see things too small to be viewed by the naked eye
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periodic table
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a useful scientific chart with information about the elements
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ruler
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a thin strip of wood, metal, or plastic with a straight edge and markings in whole and fractional units used to draw a straight edge or measure length
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safety goggles
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protects your eyes while in the lab
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specimen
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a sample of something used in a lab to study
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stopper
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a piece of rubber put into the opening of a test tube to prevent spillage
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test tube
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a tube of thin, transparent class that is closed at one end, used in chemical experiments
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test tube rack
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used to hold test tubes upright
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thermometer
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measures temperature
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tongs
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device with 2 long arms hinged together; used in the lab to hold a test tube or flask to avoid injury
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cell membrane
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surrounds the cell and holds all the organelles inside
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cytoplasm
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clear, jelly-like substance inside the cell
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vacuole
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space inside the cell used to store waste materials or store food
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nucleus
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the control center of the cell; controls all parts of the cell
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Nuclear membrane
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surrounds the nucleus and holds the chromosomes inside
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mitochondria
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makes energy for the cells
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chloroplast
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captures energy from the sun to make food
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cell wall
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surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells; provides shape and structure
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mitosis
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the division of body cells
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meiosis
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the division of sex cells
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dominant
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a trait that always shows up
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recessive
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a trait that only shows up if there are 2 factors for the trait
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sexual reproduction
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the form of reproduction by the joining of a male reproductive cell and a female reproductive cell
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What are the steps of mitosis?
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interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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Interphase
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resting phase
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Prophase
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chromosomes double
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Metaphase
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chromosomes meet in the middle
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Anaphase
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chromosomes separate to opposite sides of the cell
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Telophase
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new cells are formed
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How many chromosomes will an organism have after mitosis?
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the same as they parent
in humans, 46 |
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How many chromosomes will an organism have after meiosis?
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half as many as the parent cell
in humans- 23 |
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What is the function of the digestive system?
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breaks down food
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Where does digestion begin?
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Digestion begins in the mouth
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What is the function of the respiratory system?
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Take in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide
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What do the lungs do?
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Take in oxygen
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What are some harmful chemicals in cigarettes?
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nicotine, tar, acetone
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What is the path of air flow?
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Aire enters through your nose or mouth. Then it travels down your trachea, in your lungs through your bronchi and bronchioles, and finally into the alveoli. Exhalation happens in reverse.
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What are the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli?
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Trachea- takes air from mouth/nose to the lungs.
bronchi- branches off of trachea in the lungs bronchioles- smaller branches that carry oxygen into the lungs alveoli- tiny air sacs that take oxygen to capillaries |
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What 3 things make up the circulatory system?
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blood, arteries, and veins
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What is blood made of?
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plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
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What are veins and arteries?
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veins carry blood to the heart and arteries carry blood away from the heart
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What 3 things make up the nervouse system?
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brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
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What are neurons?
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nerve cells
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What does the cerbellum and cerebrum control?
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cerebrum- thinking, reasoning, voluntary muscles, and memory
cerebellum-balance, movement, coordination |
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frontal lobe
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Controls body movement
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temporal lobe
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helps you understand language and speak
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parietal lobe
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helps you understand signals from your organs
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occipital
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controls eyesight and visual memory
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What are the 2 parts of the nervouse system?
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Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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What are the 3 types of muscles and where are they located?
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skeletal- triceps and biceps
smooth- lines your stomach cardiac- found in your heart only |
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What is the function of the skeletal system?
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Gives you shape, structure, and support; protects the internal organs
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What is the periosteum?
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Outer layer of the bone
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What is the bone marrow?
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The bone marrow makes new blood cells inside the bone
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frontal lobe
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Controls body movement
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temporal lobe
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helps you understand language and speak
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parietal lobe
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helps you understand signals from your organs
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occipital
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controls eyesight and visual memory
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What are the 2 parts of the nervouse system?
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Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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What are the 3 types of muscles and where are they located?
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skeletal- triceps and biceps
smooth- lines your stomach cardiac- found in your heart only |
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What is the function of the skeletal system?
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Gives you shape, structure, and support; protects the internal organs
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What is the periosteum?
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Outer layer of the bone
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What is the bone marrow?
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The bone marrow makes new blood cells inside the bone
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inflammatory response
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the body's second line of defense against invading organisms in which fluid and white blood cellsleak from blood vessles into the body
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active immunity
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immunity in which a person's own immunity responds to the presence of an antigen
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infectious disease
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diseases transmitted by disease-causing organisms
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interferon
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substance produced by body cells when they attacked
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vaccination
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process by which an antigen is deliberately introduced to stimulate the immunes system
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noninfectious disease
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disease not caused by disease-causing organism
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antibody
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protein produced by the immune system in response to an antibody
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passive immunity
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immunity that is gotten from another source
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cancer
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noninfectious disease in which a cell multiplies uncontrollablly
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antigen
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invading organism or substance that triggers the action of an antibody
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allergy
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reaction that occurs when the body is overly senstive to a substance called an allergen
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epidemic
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wide spread of disease
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immunity
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the body's resistance to diseases
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AIDS
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disease in which T-cells are destroyed in the immunity system because of the HIV virus
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diabetes mellitus
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noninfectious disease in which the body wither produces too little insulin or cannot use the insulin it does produce
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Body's 1st line of defense
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skin
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Body's 2nd line of defense
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inflammatory response
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Body's 3rd line of defense
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antibodies
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Diseases caused by bacteria-
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tetanus, cat scratch fever, strep throat,
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Diseases caused by viruses-
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chicken pox, H1N1, flu, small pox
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hormones
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chemical the controls certain things in the body
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sperm
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the male reproductive cell in animals
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egg
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the female reproductive cell in animals
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fertilization
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the joining of a sperm cell and egg cell
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menstruation
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when females begin their menstrual cycle
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zygote
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the developing baby the first few days after fertilization
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embryo
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the developing baby the first 8 weeks after fertilization
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fetus
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the developing baby from 8 weeks until birth
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amniotic sac
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a fluild filled sac that cushions and protects the developing baby
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placenta
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provides nourishment and a connection to the mother
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umbilical cord
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a cord that connects the fetus to the placenta
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navel
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the scar left when the umbilical cord falls off
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labor
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the first stage of the birth process
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delivery
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the second stage of the birth process
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infancy
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from birth to 2 years
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adolescence
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stage of development from 22 to 21 years; puberty begins
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childhood
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the stage of development from 2-12 years
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adulthood
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the stage of development from 21 years to old age
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puberty
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the beginning of adolescence; menstruation begins in females and sperm production begins in males.
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Order of the stages of development-
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zygote, embryo, fetus, (birth) infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood
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